J.+Sarah

Sufi’s want to have peace and harmony. By being defiant and stressed, this impacts upon the relationship with Allah as it stops them from being in harmony with those around them, and in turn with Allah. By being emotional, this isn’t always a good thing, as it could be negative emotions. By not being in touch with emotions, it stops the individual being in touch with those around them and in turn being in touch with Allah. RELIGION ASSIGNMENT PART C DRAFT The ethical teachings determine the behaviour of a Muslim. They teach the difference between Halal and Haraam. If something is Halal is allowed as it is seen as lawful and is permitted. Halal is also a term given to meat or other foods. Halal, when relating to food means that it has been correctly prepared and can be eaten by Muslims. It’s doesn’t only relate to food but also means what is allowed under Islamic law and applies to life and behaviour of Islamic adherents. Haraam is the opposite of Halal. If something is Haraam then it is seen as unlawful and is forbidden. This term also relates to food but also to life and behaviour. If food is not Halal, then it is Haraam. If behaviour and life is not Halal then it is Haraam. When something defies Muslim law then it is considered Haraam. Behaviour that is forbidden in the Hebrew scriptures for the Jews is also forbidden for Muslims. Some foods which are Haraam are pork and alcohol. Adultery and murder are examples of behaviour that are considered Haraam and are unacceptable according to the Shari’a law. 
 * Type One  [|//The Reformer//] **  The principled, idealistic type. Ones are conscientious and ethical, with a strong sense of right and wrong. They are teachers, crusaders, and advocates for change: always striving to improve things, but afraid of making a mistake. Well-organized, orderly, and fastidious, they try to maintain high standards, but can slip into being critical and perfectionistic. They typically have problems with resentment and impatience. **At their Best:** wise, discerning, realistic, and noble. Can be morally heroic.
 * Type Two  [|//The Helper//] **  The caring, interpersonal type. Twos are empathetic, sincere, and warm-hearted. They are friendly, generous, and self-sacrificing, but can also be sentimental, flattering, and people-pleasing. They are well-meaning and driven to be close to others, but can slip into doing things for others in order to be needed. They typically have problems with possessiveness and with acknowledging their own needs. **At their Best:** unselfish and altruistic, they have unconditional love for others.
 * Type Six  [|//The Loyalist//] **  The committed, security-oriented type. Sixes are reliable, hard-working, responsible, and trustworthy. Excellent "troubleshooters," they foresee problems and foster cooperation, but can also become defensive, evasive, and anxious—running on stress while complaining about it. They can be cautious and indecisive, but also reactive, defiant and rebellious. They typically have problems with self-doubt and suspicion. **At their Best:** internally stable and self-reliant, courageously championing themselves and others.
 * Type Nine  [|//The Peacemaker//] **  The easy-going, self-effacing type. Nines are accepting, trusting, and stable. They are usually grounded, supportive, and often creative, but can also be too willing to go along with others to keep the peace. They want everything to go smoothly and be without conflict, but they can also tend to be complacent and emotionally distant, simplifying problems and ignoring anything upsetting. They typically have problems with inertia and stubbornness. **At their Best**: indomitable and all- embracing, they are able to bring people together and heal conflicts.
 * YUSUFALI:** Those who invoke not, with Allah, any other god, nor slay such life as Allah has made sacred except for just cause, nor commit fornication; - and any that does this (not only) meets punishment.
 * PICKTHAL:** And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbidden save in (course of) justice, nor commit adultery - and whoso doeth this shall pay the penalty;
 * SHAKIR:** And they who do not call upon another god with Allah and do not slay the soul, which Allah has forbidden except in the requirements of justice, and (who) do not commit fornication and he who does this shall find a requital of sin;
 * From this teaching i understand that they commit to Allah and they can have no other God but him. It is forbidden to have other Gods. This links with Judaism and Christainty. They are monothesist.
 * YUSUFALI:** Let no man guilty of adultery or fornication marry and but a woman similarly guilty, or an Unbeliever: nor let any but such a man or an Unbeliever marry such a woman: to the Believers such a thing is forbidden.
 * PICKTHAL:** The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.
 * SHAKIR:** The fornicator shall not marry any but a fornicatress or idolatress, and (as for) the fornicatress, none shall marry her but a fornicator or an idolater; and it is forbidden to the believers.
 * From these teachings i can understand that they dont agree with adultry. Also i understnad that it means the same for men and women. Neither are allowed to commit adultery
 * YUSUFALI**: Kill not your children for fear of want: We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin.
 * PICKTHAL:** Slay not your children, fearing a fall to poverty, We shall provide for them and for you. Lo! the slaying of them is great sin.
 * SHAKIR:** And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We give them sustenance and yourselves (too); surely to kill them is a great wrong.
 * From these teachings from the Hadith i feel that Muslims see children and their safety very important. It says not to kill children.

From these scholars numbering, trigonometry, medicine and science came from the Muslim world because they looked into it to ask why. They isolated the sick depending on what type of sickness they had. This is very similar to hospitals of today. The monotheist religion, Islam is one of the world’s fastest-growing religions. Through trade and military triumph helped spread Islam culture and religious beliefs worldwide. Now today with more than 1.2 billion followers Muslims live in everyone country all over the world. Through time, the religion as grown and developed. In 610 CE the Muslims believed that Muhammad begins to receive message from Allah. His visions will form the base for the Koran, the sacred text. Muhammad leads a movement that allows Muslims to worship no other God but Allah. Between 622-633 CE Muhammad along with his followers flee to Yathrib due to the religion persecution of the time. In 632 CE Muhammad dies. From the years 638 CE to 661 CE Muslim armies begin taking over areas of old Byzantine and Persia. During 661 CE civil war breaks out between Muslims. From 661CE to 750 CE was the first great Muslim dynasty, It was founded by Mu’awiyah I who triumphed over the Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law named Ali. He became the firs caliph. He moved the capital city from Medina to Damascus and used the Syrain army to extend the Arab empire. In 1099, Christian armies defeat Muslims in Jerusalem, which was a city that is seen sacred as by Muslims, Jews, and Christians.
 * __//Islamic reflection//__** --12th August 2009--
 * Baghdad was the centre of the Islamic world. All different religious leaders used to go there to make there self’s smarter. Religious leaders were told to go to other ancient worlds to increase their knowledge. Muslin leaders took this on this advice, however Christians didn’t because they disagreed with it.
 * In the Islamic world, there were over 100 different cities.
 * Muslims invented paper and stated to delivered messages between cities. This was a massive development because information could now be passed through the Islamic world easier.
 * Spain turned into a Muslims city called he ‘city of light’ because it had light and was seen smart because in the dark ages there was light.
 * Crusades started Pope Urban the 2nd (catholic) started merging the religion and military into one. He told Catholics to go to the holy city, which was Jerusalem where they carried out a massive mascara where they tried to wipe out the Islamic religion.
 * Crusades started to build castles to hold warriors.
 * In 1187 the Crusades ended

ISLAM NOTES: CHRISTANITY Power Point Notes • C4 Christ was born BCE • 27 CE (AD) beginning of the public life of Christ –know that he was highly educated • 30 CE (AD) crucifixion of Christ • 45 CE (AD) St Paul begins his journey –bible starts to be developed • 51 CE (AD) council of the apostle held in Jerusalem • 64 CE (AD) first persecutions of Christians by Roman Emperor Nero and martyrdom St Peter and St Paul. Peter and Paul were crucified upside down because they believed they weren’t as good as Jesus • 70 CE (AD) Destruction of Jerusalem after Jewish revolt fails (Destruction of the temples) Christianity starts to take off. • 95-312 CE (AD) Persecution of Christians by Romans (feed to the Lions) • 312 CE (AD) The conversion of the Emperor Constantine. Constantine declares that Roman will become Christians because Constantine had a vision to do with war and changed it. Rome changed from polytheism to monotheism • 313 CE (AD) edict of Milan by Emperor Constantine provides for freedom of religious practice. • 325 CE (AD) First council of Nicea and formulation of the Nicene Creed –argue if Christ was human, divine or both. • 335 CE (AD) St Basil writes his rules of how a Christian monk should live • 387 CE (AD) St Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, baptizes the adult St Augustine -Augustine’s mother prayer for him to be saved. • 432 St Patrick mission to Ireland called to convert pagans to Christianity • 570 CE (AD) Birth of Mohammed • 637 CE (AD) Fall of Jerusalem to Muslims • 800 CE (AD) Charlemagne crowned • 900 CE (AD) Christians invaded Spain and killed all Muslims. Christians re-conquest of Spain commences • 1054 CE (AD) Division of Christianity into east and west – statement over Nicene Creed –filioque statements caused the split; Orthodox. [Doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son] means it’s where the Holy Spirit comes from. The statement of either with or from has caused the split from today. • 1095 CE (AD) first crusade proclaimed by Pop Urban II –where Christianity became violent. • 1099 CE (AD) crusaders capture Jerusalem • 1273 CE (AD) St Thomas Aquinas ceases work in ‘Summa Theologica’ a summary of theology, summary of what it means to be a Christian. • 1300’s CE (AD) Black Death in Europe – bubonic plague pandemic erupted in Europe and eventually killed 20-30 millions people, a third of the population. • 1309-1377 CE (AD) tension between Roman and France • 1377 CE (AD) Pope Gregory XI returns papal curia to Rome. • 1277 CE (AD) council of Constance • 1431 CE (AD) St Joan of Arc burned at the stake • 1450 CE (AD) invention of the printing press by Gutenburg printed in -Germany • 1498 CE (AD) Michelangelo sculpts the Pieta • 1506 CE (AD) re-building of St Peter’s Basilica begins in Rome • 1517 CE (AD) beginning of the Protestant reformation. • 1534 CE (AD) Henry VIII establishes the Church of England and begins persecution of Catholics. It is illegal for a British prime minister or British Royal to be Catholic. They have to be Church of England. • 1543 -63 Council of Trent Catholicism • For catholic is sacramental • Teachings are drawn from scriptures and religious traditions • It is hierarchical and structured and under the authority of the Pope. • Catholic church is broken into 8 sections 1. Armenian 2. Byzantine 3. Coptic 4. Chaldea 5. Ethiopian 6. Maronite 7. Roman 8. West Syrian • Eucharist is the focus of worship and Catholics believe that Transubstantiation occurs to make Jesus physically present in the bread and wine. • Catholics believe that faith and good deeds are necessary for salvation • There is an increased focus on Mary and the saints • Catholic belief includes 7 sacramental areas: 1. Baptism 2. Eucharist 3. Reconciliation 4. Confirmation 5. Marriage 6. Holy orders 7. Anointing of the sick • There is a strong belief in heaven and hell • Catholicism has a Latin tradition in the liturgy • There is a strong tradition of monasticism in the priesthood and convent • There has been a special role if Catholics in the history of society through education and social reforms. Protestantism • Protestantism evolved out of the reformation periods • The 2 major contributors to the Reformation were: a) Martin Luther (1483-1546) b) John Calvin (1509 -1564) • Martin Luther especially denounced the corruptions, which existed in the Catholic Church and the supremacy of the Pope. • The bible became the source of authority for each denominations of Protestantism E.g.: a) Lutheran b) Calvin c) Methodist d) Presbyterians RELAY ONLY ON THE BIBLE, THEY TAKE IT LITERARY • These denominations develop unique Christian traditions out of the theology of their founders • Protestants believe un the transcendence of God • Protestantism is less liturgical and sacramental than Catholicism • Protestantism places more emphasis on preaching the word of Jesus • Protestantism allows an increased roles for women leaders then Catholicism
 * love of the prophet-messenger (P.B.U.H) Muhummad
 * broke away from Christianity
 * pray facing Mecca
 * monotheistic -abrahamic
 * Qu'ran -sacret text
 * 5 pillars
 * submit to God-meaning of Islam
 * pray 5 times a day
 * Ramadan - fast for 40 days
 * Dress- Burker hagburb
 * sunni-95% Shitte 5% (orthodox)
 * nigera and malaysua live by religious rules of Isam
 * Pray on friday
 * mena nd women split for prayer
 * 300,000 live in Australia
 * 99 naames for Ulla

CATHOLICS COMMON PROTESTANT • Mary • Power of the Pope • Tradition • Transubstantiation • Good +faith = salvation • Don’t let bread and wine go to waste • Latin traditions • 7 sacraments • hiraraur • Catechism• • Jesus • Bible • Monotheism • Heaven/hell • Christmas and Easter • Literal bile • Bible as supreme • Bible is main source of authority • Don’t have a pope • Reformation –Luther + Calvin • Less sacramental ANGLICIAN

Anglicanism • It developed as a variation to Catholicism during the reign of Henry VIII in the 16th century • Theology and politics were behind the separation from the Roman Church and the Pope • The Anglican Church would have a different understanding to heaven than the Christians because of ‘Mary and the saints’. • It was influenced by the theology of Martin Luther. • Anglicanism does not have the Pope as a central authority • The focus in on Biblical authority with a special place held for the Archbishop of Canterbury • The Anglican Church allows ‘gay’ priests in their churches. Causing a current split. • Anglican are often divided into: a) Low Anglican: this includes a variety of Protestant faiths b) High Anglican: this group close to the catholic church –Anglo-Catholic • Anglicans allow a greater role for women in the priesthood, although this is not universally accepted through all denominations. Orthodoxy • The heart if Orthodoxy is the celebration of the Eucharist • In orthodoxy there is a heavy use of icons. • The liturgical celebration is often very long and uses incense. • The liturgy is often wholly sung. • Parts of the celebration are hidden from the view of the congregation Differences Pentecostalism

Jesus Human and Divine, The Trinity, Death and Resurrection Jesus: Human and Divine Core beliefs: • Christians believe Jesus was both fully human and fully divine • Jesus was the son of God and human • All humans are created in the image of God • The incarnation of Jesus as a human was an act of love from God for humanity • Jesus was born to a human woman and died as a human being • Jesus is part f the trinity (the 2nd person of the trinity)-become divine because he is like God. • The 3 ‘persons’ in the trinity are eternal • Jesus is God and therefore has the power to defeat evil • He is the archetype (the most perfect way a human should act) for human behaviour • Jesus’ humanity shows the interrelatedness between God and humans. The Trinity: • Christianity is a monotheistic religion • Monotheism reflects Christianity’s Jewish roots • The trinity is a belief that Jesus was both human and God. He was God incarnate. • The trinity is not a biblical concept, but was probably first used by Tertullian in the 2nd Century. • There is a “threeness” to God-father, son and spirit. All aspects are unique, equal and eternal • The 3 aspects are distant, but they are NOT 3 gods. • There are 3 persons but only one divine being. They dwell in each other (circumincession). • The Christian teaching is that the trinity is a mystery never to be understood by humans in their lifetime. • Over the centuries there have been many attempts to understand the trinity. (Especially by Augustine of Hippo) Jesus Ministry • Jesus had a ministry involving him wandering around the country side his ministry lasted for 3 years Jesus’ Death • After interrogation by Pontius Pilate (Roman Procurator) Jesus was sent to Golgotha (the hill of the skull) and executed alongside two other criminals • Both Jews and Romans had reasons for wanting him dead The Resurrection • For Christians the suffering experienced in Jesus’ life is overcome by resurrection and a reunion with God. • Christians see that each believer will one day also be reunited with God in the same way. • The implication is: the human person will be transformed beyond death. • The resurrection is not a historical even but a faith based event • There remains much theological discussion about the resurrection. • The essence of the resurrection is that Jesus conquered death and rose bodily from the grave and returned. • Yet, his body is spiritual the same as it was on earth. (School song relates to this) • The various Christians denominations see the resurrection as ether bodily or spiritual.

Which aspects of the nature of Jesus are matters of fact and which are matters of faith FACT FAITH -Was killed on the cross -Was born of a woman, Mary -Jewish -Man -Persecuted -Hung with the out cast of society -Last supper -Had human characteristics (emotions) -Jesus had disciples and followers -Practiced Jewish traditions -Highly learnt in the scriptures -Resurrection -Begotten not made -Became incarnated of the virgin Mary -Dive -Performed miracles. - Son of God -Will reveal himself again -Healed the sick -Bible is important because it tells us about salvation, revelation, the Ten Commandments, the beatitudes, love and Prayer. Revelation • Revelation is the transmission of the knowledge from the divine to humanity • It is knowledge given by God to humans about things previously hidden • It is an invitation into communion with God • = = = = =RELIGION ASSIGNMENT = == == =DRAFT ASSIGNMENT= PART A: The principle beliefs of Christianity stem from the idea of Jesus as human and divine, his death and resurrection and the nature of God and the Trinity. The bible is a very important source when it comes to explaining these principle beliefs of Christianity. One branch of Christianity is Catholicism. Catholics believe that Jesus was both fully human and fully divine. He has a divine will along with a human will. He is the Son of God and human. They believe that the incarnation of Jesus as a human was an act of love from God for humanity. Jesus was human for he was born of a woman, the virgin Mary through the holy spirit and died as a human being. “Mary; God has been gracious to you. You will become pregnant and give birth to a son, and you will name his Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High God” (Luke: 1:30-33). He is the archetype, the most perfect way a human should act, a role model for human behaviour. It states in the Catholic Catechism that, “Jesus assumed a true human body by means of which the invisible God be came visible”(92. Did Jesus have a true human body?). This allows us to see that Jesus was both equally human and divine. Jesus’ humanity shows the interrelatedness between God and humans. Jesus is divine for he is like God. It is a principle belief the Catholics is that Jesus was put to death on the cross and resurrected from the dead. They believe that He was interrogated by Pontius Pilate and was sent to Golgotha, the hill of the skull where he was crucified. “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit” (Luke 23:46). “Jesus gave a loud cry and breathed his last.”(Matthew 27:50). Catholics believe the suffering experienced in Jesus’ life is overcome by the resurrection and reunion with God. Catholics see that each believer will one day also be reunited with God in the same way. They believe that the human person will be transformed beyond death. It tells in the gospel of Luke in the bible that, on the Sunday after Jesus’ death the women went to his tomb, but found it empty. Two mean in white shinning white clothes came to them and said “Why are you looking among the dead for one who is alive? He is not here; he bas been raised” (Luke 24:5-7). The Catholic Catechism states that the resurrection “confirms the divinity of Christ and all the things which he did and taught” (131. What is the saving meaning of the Resurrection?). The Catholics believe that Jesus ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of God the father almighty. The nature of God and the Trinity is another principle belief of Catholicism. It says in the Catholic Catechism “Christians are baptised in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” (44. What is the central mystery of Christian faith and life?) The Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are the ‘3 eternal persons’ in the Trinity. The 3 aspects are distant, but they are not three Gods. Jesus, the Son is the 2nd part of the Trinity. The Trinity is not a biblical concept, but is most likely first used by Tertullian in the 2nd century. Over the centuries there have been many attempts to understand the Trinity, especially by Augustine of Hippo. The

= = =**WEEK 7 - Wednesday and Thursday Self Directed Learning**= You are required to complete the following research using the links below []

**[|**Origin of the Name of Jesus**]**
In this article, we shall consider the two words -- "Jesus" and "Christ" -- which compose the Sacred Name. []

**Questions**
1. Explain the origin of the name (a) Jesus and (b) Christ. 2. Use the scripture quotes in the reading (a) find 5 Scripture passages and write out the whole quote (b) Who was Josephus? 3. Give the Latin name for (a) Jesus and (b) Christ 4. How did the title 'Christian' develop? 1. Explain the origin of the name (a) Jesus and (b) Christ. a) The name is Latin ‘Jesus’ and originates from Greek ‘Iesous’. This is the Translations of the Hebrew Jeshus which means ‘Jehovah is salvation”. b) The word Christ is the Greek word for what the Hebrew Masias is which means anointed. 2. Use the scripture quotes in the reading (a) find 5 Scripture passages and write out the whole quote (b) Who was Josephus? a) i. Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and Philip his brother tetrarch of Iturea and the country of Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilina: (Luke 3:1) ii. And how great things they had done in the land of Spain, and that they had brought under their power the mines of silver and of gold that are there, and had gotten possession of all the place by their counsel and patience: (Maccabees 8:3) iii. The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham: (Matthew 1:1) iv. And the church which is in their house. Salute Epenetus, my beloved: who is the firstfruits of Asia in Christ. (Romans 16:5) v. Glory to God in the highest: and on earth peace to men of good will. (Luke 2:14) b) A Jewish historian born A.D. 37 at Jerusalem. He died about 101. 3. Give the Latin name for (a) Jesus and (b) Christ a) Jesus b)Christos

**[|**The Holy Name of Jesus**]**
We give honour to the Name of Jesus, because it reminds us of all the blessings we receive through our Holy Redeemer. [] Questions 1. Use this reading to outline why the name of Jesus is holy. 2. What role have the various Popes (Urban IV, John XXIII, Clement XIII and Benedict XIII) played in ensuring the name of Jesus is holy. 3. Why is IHS significant for Christians? 1. Christians honour the name Jesus because the name of Jesus reminds them of the blessing they recieve through the Holy Redeemer. They give thanks for these blessings as they honour Jesus' Cross. 2. 3.IHS is a mongram representing the Holy name of Jesus. In teh middle ages Jesus' name was written as IHESUS. IHD is significant to Christains for some believe IHS was teh initials of 'Jesus Hominum Salvator'.

**[|**Early Historical Documents Concerning Jesus Christ**]**
In this article, we discuss the ancient historical documents -- pagan, Jewish, and Christian -- referring to Christ's life and work. [] Questions 1. Outline what **//pagan//** sources say about Jesus? 2. Outline what **__Tacitius__** has to say about Jesus? 3. Describe what Pliny the Younger says about Jesus? 4. Describe Josephus' understanding of Jesus. 5. Outline what Christian sources say about Jesus? 1.The pagan sources describe Jesus as superstitious, unknown and unintelligible. Both Jews and Gentiles didn’t see the importance of the religion, which can be seen as a reason why Christian events are not mentioned by pagan authors. 2. Tacitus says that the founder of the Christian religion, Jesus, was a deadly superstition, seen by the Romans and was put to death under the time in power of Tiberius. Tactitus describes the torment that the Nero people under went from the Christians. 3. Pliny and Younger state that no crime could be proven against the follows of Jesus, except their Christian belief. It says that the Christians celebrated their God in morning meeting. Pliny recognises the high moral principle of the Christians, which can be traced back to their worship of Christ, Jesus. 4. Josephus’ understanding of Jesus is that was a wise man, who was a teacher who taught many Jews. He says that when Pilate condemned Jesus to the cross to die his people who had fist loved him did not abandon him. He also says that tribes of Christians that follow him to this day. 5.Christians see Jesus as the Son of God. God’s only son who was sent to Earth. He was crucified, died and was buried. He rose again and is now seated at the right hand of the father. He was the savor and when he was crucified was called ‘king of the Jews’. In this article, we shall endeavour to establish the absolute and relative chronology of our Lord's life [] Questions 1. Construct a Time line of the Chronology of the life of Jesus. Ensure that you attribute a scripture passage to each point on the time line.
 * [|**Chronology of the Life of Christ**]**

4 BCE- Jesus was born, The Nativity Matthew (2:1) 27 CE –Jesus begins his public ministry -know that he was highly educated Luke 3:1 Here in the years between Jesus teaches the people. 30 CE Last supper and Crucifixion of Jesus. Jesus died on Friday Mark 15:42. Jesus carried his cross to the place of execution. Jesus rose again and when the women went to the tomb they were met by an angel that told them so. POWERPOINT NOTES: · C4 Christ was born BCE · 27 CE (AD) beginning of the public life of Christ –know that he was highly educated · 30 CE (AD) crucifixion of Christ · 45 CE (AD) St Paul begins his journey –bible starts to be developed · 51 CE (AD) council of the apostle held in Jerusalem · 64 CE (AD) first persecutions of Christians by Roman Emperor Nero and martyrdom St Peter and St Paul. Peter and Paul were crucified upside down because they believed they weren’t as good as Jesus · 0 CE (AD) Destruction of Jerusalem after Jewish revolt fails (Destruction of the temples) Christianity starts to take off. · 95-312 CE (AD) Persecution of Christians by Romans (feed to the Lions) · 312 CE (AD) The conversion of the Emperor Constantine. Constantine declares that Roman will become Christians because Constantine had a vision to do with war and changed it. Rome changed from polytheism to monotheism · 313 CE (AD) edict of Milan by Emperor Constantine provides for freedom of religious practice. · 325 CE (AD) First council of Nicea and formulation of the Nicene Creed –argue if Christ was human, divine or both. · 335 CE (AD) St Basil writes his rules of how a Christian monk should live · 387 CE (AD) St Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, baptizes the adult St Augustine **-**Augustine’s mother prayer for him to be saved. · 432 St Patrick mission to Ireland called to convert pagans to Christianity · 570 CE (AD) Birth of Mohammed · 637 CE (AD) Fall of Jerusalem to Muslims · 800 CE (AD) Charlemagne crowned · 900 CE (AD) Christians invaded Spain and killed all Muslims. Christians re-conquest of Spain commences · 1054 CE (AD) Division of Christianity into east and west – statement over Nicene Creed –filioque statements caused the split; Orthodox. [Doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son] means it’s where the Holy Spirit comes from. The statement of either with or from has caused the split from today.

The Character of Jesus Christ
Here we consider the character of Jesus as manifested first in His relation to men, then in His relation to God. [] Questions 1. From the section 'Divinity of Jesus' what is your understanding of the Divinity of Jesus? The Divinity of Jesus is proven by his miracles and prophecy. Jesus was both Divine and human. He is the Song of God. The miracles he performed of saving people and healing the dying prove that he is divine.

**[|**The Mystery of the Incarnation**]**
The Incarnation is the mystery and dogma of the Word made Flesh. [] Questions 1. Outline the Nature of the Incarnation as described in Section II 2. Outline the effects of the incarnation on Christ Himself (Section III) 3. Define The Incarnation.

[|****The Resurrection of Jesus Christ****]Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life. In this article, we shall treat of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, including its characteristics and importance [] Questions 1. Construct a Table of Facts about the Resurrection of Jesus. 2. List 5 Scripture passages that support the Resurrection of Jesus. 3. Choose ONE opposing THEORY and outline the central ideas of this theory.

1. The resumption of life The angel appeared to the holy women and told them that Jesus had risen. Jesus appeared to two of the disciple at Emmaus. They recognised them when he broke the bread, but he disappeared. || 2. Matthew 28: 1-3 Luke 24:2 Mark 16:5-7 John 20:3-10 Mark 16:12-13 3.The Imposition Theory: This theory is that the disciples stole Jesus’ body from the tomb and then proclaimed to people that the Lord had risen. This theory could be dismissed for if is not humanly possible for the disciple to have stolen to the body and then continued to preach the story of God and to have died with the guilt of what they had done.
 * Resurrection id the rising again from the dead

Devotion to the Sacred Heart is but a special form of devotion to Jesus [] Questions 1. Explain the concept of devotion in relation to Christianity. 2. Outline the historical ideas on the development of devotion. 1. Devotion to the Sacred Heart is a special form devotion to Jesus. Christians have a great deal of love and loyalty towards Jesus. They are committed to Jesus and for the faith, and values he stand for. For people to be devoted to Jesus they need to have a strong enthusiasm and admiration for him, which the Christians do, because when he died they still stood by him, they didn’t abandon him. The heart is an idea if a material heart a metaphor for the actually heart that throbs within us for the love and passion they Christians have for their faith and for Jesus. 3. The historical idea of devotion to Jesus is that Jesus’ heart, along with everything else that belongs to him is worthy of being adored. Jesus is the living spirit of goodness and God. Devotion developed as Christianity developed. The love of Jesus and the faith grew as the people learned more of Jesus and God. Christology is that part of theology which deals with Our Lord Jesus Christ. In its full extent it comprises the doctrines concerning both the person of Christ and His works; but in the present article we shall limit ourselves to a consideration of the person of Christ []
 * [|**Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus**]**
 * [|**Christology**]**

Questions
1. Outline Pauline Christology in dot points 2. Outline Christ's divinity in Pauline epistles. 3 In point form LIST the Christology of Catholic epistles. 3. *The epistle of St. James =Please ENSURE you add you answers to your WIKI during EACH lesson. JUDASIM ESSAY:= Explain the importance of the principal ethical teachings of Judaism with particular reference to the Commandments and the Torah.
 * Belief in St. Peter
 * Epistle of St. Jude

Judaism is a monotheist religion. The Jewish adherents believe in only one God. Jews don’t worship idols of their God, for he has no physical form. Their God has never appeared to anyone. The ethical teachings of Judasim impact on a Jewish adherents way of life and how they live their lives.

The ethical teachings are instructions that give guidance for the Jewish adherents on how they should act and live their lives. The core ethical teachings are outlined in the 613 mitzvot and can be summed up in the Decalogue. The Decalogue which was given to Moses on Mt Sinai contains 10 commandments which the Jewish people build their lives on. Despite their being 613 mitzvot, there are two main teachings, which are ‘to love God with all your mind, your heart and your soul’ and ‘to love your neighbour’. These main teachings sum up the mitvozt and the Decalouge. An example of the commandments and how they influence an adherents life is ‘to honour God and have no other Gods’. This is a basis to how the religion is monotheist and why they don’t honour idols or status of their God. ‘Keep the Sabbath day holy’ which is when the Jewish adherents practice Shabbat, a day of rest. Also, another one of the commandments is ‘thy shall not kill’ which influences opinion on ethical issues such as Euthanasia and abortion.

The commands are very important to the daily life of the Jewish adherents. One mitzvoth that is essential to daily life is “Not to boil meat with milk” (Ex 23:19), which means that Jews can’t eat meat and dairy together. This is outlined in the laws of Kashrut which are the dietary laws written in the Torah. Steps must be taken in food preparation to avoid breaking this mitzvoth. The first step is to make sure it prepared to the laws of Kashrut. The way the animal to be eaten is killed is a very important part of the Kashrut law. The animal’s throat must be killed with one stroke of a sharp, nickless knife across the throat, which is considered to be painless. The cut can is carried out by a Jewish butcher under the supervision of a rabbi. Once the animal has been killed, the blood must be drained from the meat which is most commonly done by salting and soaking the meat. Once this has been done, the body of the animal must be inspected closely to make sure the animal wasn’t deformed or has any illnesses, which would make it non-kosher and not able to be eaten. So foods that can’t be eaten together aren’t, two separate sets of dishes are used for preparing and serving food. If a dish is used for both meat and dairy it is considered non-kosher and must be koshered. This is when the dish is boiled in boiling water. Between eating milk and dairy a certain time must be waited. It depends on tradition, but the time period can be anything from three hours to a few days or in some cases the mouth must just be rinsed. This is a very important commandment for the Jewish adherents to follow because it is party of life every single day.

The ethical Jewish teachings impact on a Jewish adherents actions in life and opinions on world wide ethical issues. Once of which is abortion. Jews believe taking life before it has a chance to begin is forbidden by the Jewish Moral Laws. Abortion is believed to be destroying potential life. The only time abortion is allowed if the pregnant mother is in danger of being harmed physically or psychologically. Some rabbis also permit abortion if the child to be born would be retarded and not able to have a normal life. No other reasons for abortion are except such as a career choice or an unwanted baby. This links to the ethical teachings in the Torah and to the commandment “Thy shall not kill” for aborting a baby is seen as killing someone. Therefore, Jewish ethical teachings provide a basis for the life of a Jewish adherent. They outline how a life is to be lived and the choices they make in their lives. They provide structure for a life dedicated to their God, to their religion.

ASSIGNMENT-JUDAISM ASSIGNMENT PARTS A B C- A 1. Judaism is a monotheistic religion that believes that there is only one God who is the creator of all -‘God is, was and always will be’. This was founded on the covenant, b’rit between God and Abraham. Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion and has had an influence on many other religions. 2. Moral Laws for the Jewish adherents are rules they must follow. These are a set of 613 mitzvot that the Jewish people follow and build their lives around. These mitzvoth, commandments determine to the Jewish people what is right, wrong and the choices they make in life. 3. The central concept of Covenant more commonly known as a b’rit is a promise between God and man. An example of a b’rit between God and man was the covenant between God and Noah which was when God promised Noah that he would never judgment man again in the form of a flood. B 1. Yahweh is the God of the Jewish adherents. He is seen as sacred by the Jews who believe him to be the created of all. Yahweh’s existence doesn’t need to be proven, he just is. Yahweh has many translations, ‘I am who I am’, ‘I will be what I will be’, ‘I am he that causes to be ‘and’ The Creator’. The Jewish adherents traditionally believe that the name of their God is too sacred to be said. When spoken about he is referred to as ‘Adonai’ meaning Lord or Hashem meaning the name. When his name is written, it is written as G-d because his name is believed to be too sacred to write. God is transcendent, all knowing and all-powerful. Yahweh is seen as a personal God with human characteristics. These characteristics are above all just and holy and Yahweh insists justice and holiness from all humanity. He has revealed himself as a God of mortality and power. Yahweh is a moral God who has created both good and evil and demands that people who are evil should be punished. Yahweh has revealed himself to his adherents through the books of the Torah and Talmud. 2. Moral Law and the Jewish commandments or the Decalogue, go hand in hand in building an adherents daily life and how they live their lives. One mitzvot that impacts on a Jew’s Moral Law is, “Not to boil meat with milk” (Ex 23:19), which means that Jewish people can’t eat meat and dairy together. This is outlined in the laws of Kashrut, the dietary laws written in the Torah. The first step in food preparation is to make sure it prepared to the laws of Kashrut. The way the animals are killed is part of the Kashrut law too. The animals must be killed with one stroke of a sharp, nickless knife across the throat, which is thought to be painless. The cut is done by a Jewish butcher, or shohet, under the supervision of rabbis. Once the animal has been killed, the blood must be drained from the meat which is most commonly done by salting and soaking the meat. Before the meat can be determined as able to be eaten, the body of the animal must be inspected closely to make sure the animal wasn’t deformed or has any illnesses, which would make it non-kosher. Any animal that hasn’t died a natural death can’t be eaten. To prevent any foods not able to be eaten together coming into contact with each other two separate sets of dishes are used for preparing and serving food. If a dish is used for both meat and dairy it is considered non-kosher and must be koshered which is when the dish is placed in boiling water. Between eating milk and dairy a certain time must be waited. It depends on tradition, but the time period can be anything from three hours to a few days or in some cases the mouth must just be rinsed. 3. The central concept of Covenant exists in the Hebrew bile, the Torah through the covenant, a b’rit between God and Moses. God contacted Moses through a burning bush and told him to lead his people to the ‘land of milk and honey’. God wanted Moses to set his people free from slavery in Egypt. Moses led his people out of Egypt to the land God has promised to Moses people. The story of Moses also explains why a person is Jewish if their mother is Jewish. It’s passed through the mother because when Moses was born all baby boys were killed. This is why the religion is passed through the mother. This covenant links with one of the Decalogue’s that the Jewish adherents can have no other God but him. God said in Exodus 20:2-3:”I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land if Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.” Also, Moses met with God on Mt Sinai where God gave him the 10 commandments, the Decalogue that the Jewish adherents build their lives, beliefs and morals around. C 1. In Judaism, the life of the Jewish people revolves around God, who is supreme, remote and transcendent. They believe that God created the world and everything in it and still has an active role in the happenings of the world today. Although he isn’t part of his created world, God is still involved in it which can be seen through natural phenomena and social, political and military history. An example of his involvement in the lives of the Jewish people was the holocaust where Jews were persecuted by Hitler. The Jewish adherents believe that this was slavery like they were slaves in Egypt. They believe that many people had to die but God would free them from it like he had before in Egypt. 2. The Moral Laws influence the choices that the Jewish people make in their lives. These Moral Laws influence the opinions and actions of a Jewish adherent on ethical issue such as Euthanasia and Abortion. These views are outlined in the Talmund. Jewish adherents believe that killing people to put them of their pain and misery is murder. Even if the sick person requests it, it is still forbidden. It is against Jewish teaching to let someone continue to suffer, so the rabbis do permit the withholding of treatment and medication when a patient is beyond help. This especially applies when the treatment is going to inflict pain in such treatments as chemotherapy. The turning off of a life support machine is also not allowed, unless there is no brain, lung or heart function which by this stage the rabbis allowed it to be turned of as it no supporting life, it is providing it. Taking life before it has a chance to begin is also forbidden by the Jewish Moral Laws. Abortion is believed to be destroying potential life. However, abortion is allowed if the pregnant mother is in danger of being harmed physically or psychologically. Some rabbis also permit abortion if the child to be born would be retarded and not able to have a normal life. No other reasons for abortion are except such as a career choice or an unwanted baby. 3. The Jewish adherents keep the idea of the covenant alive today through ‘Shabbat’. Shabbat is the most important day of the Jewish week because they believe God appointed it to be a holy day. In the Torah, the Jewish bible it specifies that this day is a day of holiness and no work can be done. It’s a day of rest, symbolising when God rested once he had created the universe. Shabbat begins on Friday afternoon with the cleaning of the house, the best dishes and table wear are set and meals are prepared. On Friday about 18 minutes before the sunsets the Shabbat candle is lit and a blessing is said by the woman of the house where Shabbat is taking place. This officially begins Shabbat. On the Friday night, the family will attend a short evening service at the synagogue. After attending the service, the man of the house reads the Kiddush, a prayer said over wine. This takes place before the meal is eaten. Then a prayer for eating bread is said over two loaves of challah which is an eggy bread in a braid shape. Once this has taken place the family eats the meal together while they relax. Once the meal has been eaten, the birkat ha-mazon a prayer after meals is said. On the next day, Saturday at about 9am the Shabbat service begins and concludes about noon. Once this has happened another meal is eaten and in the afternoon the family studies the Torah, talks and takes either an afternoon walk or participates other activities. In the later afternoon a light meal is eaten. Shabbat ends at night fall on Saturday. The family performs the concluding ritual of Havdalah. Blessings are said over spices, candles and wine. Another blessing is said which is about the separation between the sacred and the secular, the Shabbat and working days. The adherents believe that Shabbat is a gift from god and is first and foremost a day of rest and spiritual enrichment.

WHY ARE THE COMMANDMENTS IMPORTANT TO JUDAISM? The comandments are important to Judaism because the jewish people built their life around the 613 mitzvot. The mitzvot are ryles that shape their daily lifes and habits, e.g. no shaving under the chin because the thraot could be slit, reason why the jewish people have long beards, also to destinguish male from female with facial hair. The commandments are essential in the religion of Judaism because it's the law of the religion and provides the jewish people with their morals and veiws. Take the commandments away and there is no religion, no set of rules to live by. It would be taking the laws of a city away and telling people to do what they would like. They either woulnd't know what to do or there would be chaios and danger.

HOMEWORK 13.5.09 KEY ASPECTS OF MOSES LIFE: -When moses was born the hebrews were slaves in Egypt. The pharoah was afraid because he thought the Hebrews would over power him so he ordered all the baby boys to be killed at birth so they couldn't grow up and fight him. -To save Moses his mother put him in a basket and sent him down teh river Nile -The pharoah's daughter found the basket in teh river when she went down to bathe. Moses sister who had followed the basket watched on. She told the princess that she knew of a Hebrew woman who could look after him, Moses own mother. -Moses grew up an egyptain prince -One day he lost his temper with an egyptain who had been beating up a hebrew. Moses then killed the egyptain because he was angry that his man was harming his people, he never forgot he was hebrew. -Moese then ran away back to the hebrew people -God contacted Moses via a burning bush and asked him to free his people from egypt -Moses asked Pharoah to let his people, but Pharoah refussed -God sent bad things to happen, the 10 plauges. Each time one was going to happen Moses would warn pharoah but pharoah never believed him. -The final plague was for the eldest son to die, except the Hebrews, because of passover. The angel of death passed over and killed allteh sons without blood above their doors. The pharoah's son died -Pharoah told Moses to leave and take his people. They all left fast so there was no repercussions. -Pharoah changed his mind and sent his army after the Hebrews. -Moses raised the Red Sea and they crossed and survived. Pharoah's army didn't make it across the river.(metaphor of passing the sea, the sea being an obstacle in their path) -They wanted to find the land called Canaan -The Hebrew people were free but were in the desert with no food or water. The people started to rebel against Moses because they were hungery and thirsty. -Moses said that God would give them food and the ground became covered in honey and water came from a rock. -Manna, food from heaven. -3 months travelling lead them to Mt Sinai. Moses climbed to teh top of the mountain to meet with God. God gave him 10 laws for the people to follow written on 2 tablets of stone. -When he came down from the mountain the people were worshipping a golden calf. Moses got angry and smashed it. WHY IS THE STORY OF MOSES IMPORTANT TO THE JEWISH HISTORY? The story of Moses is very inportant to the Jewish history because it explains many of their customs. Some of which are:
 * A person is jewish if their mother is jewish, all baby boys were killed so the religion had to go through the mother.
 * The bread they have that has no yeast comes from when they had to fle egypt and the bread didn't have time to rise. This resembles the host used in the church
 * There are no idols in the Jewish sinagogs because the Jewish people are not aloud to worship idols. This relates to teh story of Moses through when he brought down the 10 commandments and they were worshiping one and Moses got angery.

HOMEWORK 8.5.09 The Jewish covenant, also known as the b'rit was a promise between Abraham and God. God promised Abraham a sacret land. He told him to take his family to another region where He would bless Abraham's tribe and make them a great nation. Abraham did as God asked and took his people and travelled to the west towards the Mediterranean until he came to teh promised land of Canaan. On this day the Lord made a covenant with Abraham which said, "To your descendents I will give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates" (exodus 15:18). Later, God made teh Covenant of Circumcision with Abraham. These two covenants shape the jewish beliefs in God and the world they live in. Abraham, teh first Patriarch being the fatherof their religion.

HOMEWORK 7.5.09  LIFE OF ABRAHAM According to Jewish tradition Abraham is the most significant human being in the Jewish religion. This is his tale, Abraham was born Abram 1800BCE in the city of Ur in Babylonia and was referred to as a Hebrew. He was born to a man named Terach who was an idol merchant. This was a very prestigious job as the society which Abram grew up in was based on idol worship He was born in a city dweller but as his life progressed out of his own choice he became nomadic and wondered the lands. From an early age Abram questioned his father’s beliefs. He sought truth from God and came to believe that the universe was created from a single being rather than many. He many a time tried to convince his father that idol worship was wrong. On one occasion he smashed all his fathers’ idols with a hammer except for the largest one. He then put the hammer in the largest idols hands and when his father questioned him on what happened he told him the largest of his idols had smashed all the smaller ones. His father then said to him, “Don’t be ridiculous, these idols have no life or power”. Abram response to this was, “then why do you worship them?” In this he was questions his fathers lack of faith in his own beliefs of what they were capable of. From a young age Abram had been connected with the creator, God he believed in. God called upon him and made him an offer. He promised him land if he followed the B’rit, a covenant between him and Abram. This was how God invited him to have a relationship with him. A bond that won’t ever be truly understood. The bond with God and his chosen patriarch, Abram. God asked Abram to change his name to Abraham and he did in Gen 17: 5. Once he was grown, he married a girl named Sarai, named later changed to Sarah Gen 18: 1-5. Abraham was concerned that he had no children. However Sarah was passed the age of child baring so she allowed her servant Hayga the son of a pharaoh to become another one of Abraham’s wife’s (a common practice) and had his first child, a son named Ishmel- Gen21:1-8. God eventually made Sarah to be able to have children and he gave Abraham a son who was made out of love, not the need for a son named Isaac who went onto become the second patriarch- Gen 21:16. God could see the love that Abraham had for his son Isaac. He wanted to test how much he loved him so he asked him to sacrifices his son for him. So Abraham led him up onto a mountain and just he was about to kill him God spoke to him and told him he could now see how much he loved him and that his son was saved –Gen 22:12. The story of Abraham is a very influential story and factor in the Jewish religion.

**Sarah, your outline demonstrates a clear understanding of the life of Abraham. Using the scripture has supported your response and allowed you to integrate key Hebrew scriptures. The next step in building a greater understanding of Judaism is to begin defining the SST.**

LEARNING PREPERATION -6.6.09- //SST// Semitic Jewish Judaism Covenant Decalogue Mitzvot Patriarch Torah Israel Exodus Revelation Conservation Orthodox Progressive TANACH Nevi'm Ketuvim Talmud Halachah Tikkun Olam Observance //Who is Abraham?// Abraham was the first Patriarch. He was the founding father of Judaism. He is the only person recorded in teh bible to have dialogue with God himself. God made a covenant with Abraham. God told him to leave his land. This event occurred about 1900BCE. He obeyed God and led gathered his people. He had to sons. One to a women named Hagar. This son was named Ishmel. The only reason why he had a son to her was because his wife was past the age of child birth. God made his wife sarah able to have children again so they had a child out of love for each other named Isaac who became the 2nd Patriarch. You could say that because Isaac was made out of love for Sarah that Abraham loved him more than his first son that was made for sack of having a child. MOSES

-What happened to Moses when he was born? -Who found him? -Where did he grow up? -Who took care of him? **//INFANCY//** When Moses was born his mother saw that he was a fine baby she hid him for three months. When she could not hind him any longer she took a basket made of reeds and covered it in tar to make it water proof. She put her baby in the basket and then placed it in the reeds at the edge of the river. His sister watch as he flowed down the river to see what would happen to him. The king’s daughter came down to the river to bath where she saw the basket and sent one of her servant girls to go and fetch it. The princess opened the basket and saw the baby boy inside. She then sent for a Hebrew girl to feed the crying baby. The Hebrew mother she got was the baby’s birth mother. When the child was old enough, she took him to the princess who adopted him as her own son. She said, “I pulled him out of the water, and so I name him Moses.” Moses grew up in the palace as a prince, son of the king’s daughter. He was raised as a royal.

TEENS -What caused Moses to develop a speech impediment? - //** What crime did Moses commit? -What did Moses do about this? -What way of life did he take up? -Why was he chosen later to lead the Children of Israel? Moses killed an Egyptian because he killed a Hebrew man. He hid he body of the Egyptian in the sand. He saw two Hebrew people fighting and questioned them on why they were fighting. When he did this they asked him why he was the one to judge and if he was going to kill them like he had killed the Egyptian. He reliesed people had seen what he had done. When the king found out he tried to have Moses killed so he fled to the land of Midian. One day Moses was sitting by a well seven daughters of the priest of Midian, Jethro came to collect water from the well. Some shepherds drove the daughters away. Then Moses went to their rescue and gave them the water. When the daughters returned to their father, he asked why they were back so early today and the daughters answered that an Egyptian had rescued them from the shepherds and gave us our water. The father was grateful so he invited Moses to come and eat with them. Moses decised to live with them and Moses married Jethro’s daughter Zipporah. Moses became a shepherd in Midian and he and Zipporah had a son named Gershom. 1.** Why did Moses hesitate? Who did God send to help? What did Moses do? What did Moses ask of God? Explain the Passover. What is the meaning of the Passover? 1. Moses hesitated because he was scared that the fired would move through the dry desert. When he saw that the fire was stable he approached the burning bush where he heard a voice. He knew at once that this voice was God. God asked Moses to take of his shoes because he was standing on holy ground. 3.Moses argued with God but God had all the answers. Reluctanly Moses took his wife and two sons and his stick and set off for egypt. 4. The passover was went Gods angel of death passed over egypt and killed the elderst in every family. Moses told his people to kill a goat and put it's blood above the door and on the door posts. Once it was dark teh whole family must stay inside. The blood showed that these were his people and they wouldn't be harmed by the angel of death. 5. The meaning of the pass over is a feast of when God will pass over yor dwellings to protect you, when all the first-born in egypt die.
 * // ADULT
 * Questions:
 * Answers:**
 * 2.** God said that Moses could take his brother Aaron with him when he had to egypt and he could do all the talking

EVENTS THAT HAPPENED: The israelites at their homes: they put blood over their doors to stop the angel fo death from halming them The first born egyptian: the first born egyptian died as the angel of death passed over the land The action taken by the king the king told them to go away, to leave at once before more halm could happen

ORIGIN OF JUDAISM 1. three differences between the Tenach and the Old testament is 1.the Old testement has more chapters then the Tenach, 2. the techach has different chapters and some the same as the Old testament and 3. they have the same chapters but in different orders. 2. A similarity between the two is that they both tell the same story, the time before jesus

ADAM i feel from watching adams presentation that i've learnt the main aspects and principle of the Ancient Egyptian religion. I think his presentation was very good and by handing out the status of the gods we got to see what the gods actually look like rather than a picture. The use of the video was good as it broke up the presentation instead of all just writing. In all i feel that his presentation was very well put together and i've give it a 9 out of 10.

SARAH-JANE: i feel from watching sarah's presentation i have learnt about the shinto religion. I lost the plot alittle because she kept going back and forth to the story. Other than that i feel it was very good and i could understand it very well. I found it interesting and by having the worksheets it made me listen for the answers. i'd give sarah a 7 out of 10.

ALEXIS: i feel from watching alexis' page that i did learn about the Aztecs, however i feel that she was unprepared and wasn't organised. Despite this she was still able to perform the presentation and despite that she was so nervous she still spoke well. I give her a 5/10 because she still was able to present and i learnt from it however she it wasn't a very entertaining presentation and she was unprepared.

TOM: i learnt from toms presentation about the gods of the ancient greek religion. However i didn't learn much about the rest of the religion. The u-tube clip was entertaining however i feel that this did most of his work and he didn't do that much. i'd give tom a 3/10 as he did little work.

JESS: I think jess' presentation was good however she was very nervous. This was reflected in her fast reading and her adjusting her classes which to me showed nervous. I'd give jess a 6 out of 10 because she did do the work and answer all the questions asked

ALESSANDRO: Allesandro's presentation was good and i learnt a lot about the greek gods. He needed help to say lots of the words but despite this he did answer the needed questions. I'd give him a 7/10 because he was very organised.

MARCO: Marco's video was very entertaining and i learnt a lot. His powerpoint presentation was basic but by him explaining it it was more in depth. next time a more in depth and exciting presentation would be a suggestion however it was fine how it was as he answered the majority of the questions. Also he referred back to the vide which made it relevant, not a time filler or a way of not having to do any work. His points were very interesting too. 6/10

RACHEL: A very interesting presentation with many random facts which stick in my head. They weren't random as if they didn't fit but random as in they were interesting out of the other facts. The use of the creation story was a good way to explain the religion. The powerpoint was plan but was the information that she read out she was able to explain. I like that she used a powerpoint as it was more of a presentation and helped me learn better. She answered all questions in depth and with relevant explanation. The video was a good way to show what an actually sacrifice was in the aztec religion I'd give rachel a 8/10.

JACINTA: Jacinta's presentation was very good and i enjoyed it. The video was good and the booklet was good too. She spoke clearly and se seemed to know what she was talking about. She seemed to teach us more then do a presentation, which was very different to everyone else. I'd give her a 8.5/10 as i feel that the use of more visual images through out the booklet would have been good.

SARAH (ME): i did the nordic religion and i feel that i told the class everything there was to know about the religion. My powerpoint i felt was entertaining through the use of music and the colour-rainbow (i used rainbow because of the belief that the rainbow linked the human world to the heavens). My works sheet, i took the photograph of the tree myself and then created it through word and photoshop. I feel it wan't a boring worksheet and due to everyone feed back on it, it is something i'll keep in mind for when i do become a teacher. I think they i could have looked at the class more when i spoke but i feel that i wasn't reading off my powerpoint that much as i explained the points. I feel that i'd deserve a 9/10 as i could have looked at the class more, but i did answer all the questions to the best of my ability. =media type="youtube" key="-_mc7zqrnsY" height="344" width="425"= = = =Sarah's Learning Page=

Homework for 16/2/09 //A religion where the believers understand that the divine God dwells within each of them in known as an immanent religion. An immanent religion is where the believers believe that God exists inside everyone, A religion that believes this would be a more peaceful and happy religion. I believe this because if a person was to hate themselves, they would be in a way hating God. If they were to harm someone or themselves, they would believe that they were harming God too. This would stop self harm. They wouldn't commit murder or desire to murder others because they would be killing God. This would also stop wars because they wouldn't want to harm another person with God inside of them. Self-esteem would be higher as they would love themselves because they love God and God is inside of them. Immanent religions could also cause problems though, because if people believe that God was inside them, then they may think more of God is inside one person ore than another. this would cause the believers to hate each other and be envious of each other.// //In a religion where people believe to have God in them, i believe they would be happier because in pleasing themselves, they would also be pleasing God.

Sarah can God exist within everyone without them knowing about it? What kind of world would it be if people suddenly discovered this truth? Why would they be happier if they knew God dwelt within? What is the connection between self esteem and love?//

//Yes, i believe that God can exist inside everyone without them knowing. You could say it's basically an opinion but i believe its' true because we all sometimes have a feeling of someone watching us or looking over us or we feel someone around us. Also, Jesus said at the last supper about his body and blood becoming the bread and the wine, so as we eat this at mass, we are 'eating' Jesus, God so he becomes part of us as we grow. If people suddenly discovered that each of us had God inside of us i believe that two things would happen. People would either be happier as they had God in them and and would feel closer, physically closer to God. Also, this could cause problems because scientists would then have a the desire to want to try and extract thus God from inside everyone and physically see it as they may believe that God was a physical part of the body like the heart or the brain. Self-esteem and love link together as what people makes human happier. The pleasure of pleasing yourself would boost man self-esteem and in so making them loves themselves more. Stero-typically, self-esteem is linked with love and hate of yourself.//

=**Self - Directed Learning - DUE Friday Week 6**= • outline the nature of the Dreaming in relation to: – origins of the universe – sacred sites – stories of the Dreaming – symbolism and art

• discuss the diversity of the Dreaming for Aboriginal peoples

• recognise the importance of the Dreaming for the life of Aboriginal peoples

• investigate the inextricable connection of the Dreaming, the land and identity

__GROUP RELIGION PROJECT__ Our group consisted of Adam, Sarah-Jane persfic and myself. We created a religion called Hydrostic. I feel that our whole group did very well and we all contributed evenly. We gave each of us questions to look at and answer. We began with brainstorming our ideas and what we basically wanted our religion to be based upon. To receive a mark of 100% is an amazing result, but i still feel that we can improve and strive to do better in each activity we do. __INDIRECTION TO ABORIGINAL SPIRITUALLY__ I think that a small 'a' should not be used for 'aborigine and aboriginal' because when you think of Australians no matter we are saying about them or about there culture it always has a capital. The small 'a' should only be used when describing something non specific to do with aboriginal things. This would only include saying such things as this culture of people are aboriginal to this land or aboriginal music as it's not directly describing them but using the word as a verb. A capital 'A' should be used as a proper noun for Aboriginal or Aborigine. They are a culture and each culture these days has a capital letter for it's name. The capital 'A' signifies that the Aboriginal people are an actual culture and civilisation not a dyeing race as the British thought them as when they came here. Indigenous Australians insist that they are referred to as Aboriginies rather than Aboriginal because it gives them a sence of being an actually civilsation and not just a group of people branded with a title. The world aboriginal means 'ralating to the earlist inhabiants pf a country, relating to Australian Aborigines', on the other hand the word aborigine means, 'one of the earlist inhabitants of a country, one of the races who have lived in Australia from the earlist known times'. As you can see, thee term Aboriginie gives them more of a history and background rahter than a definion of that an aboriginal person is. Also by calling them Aborigines it's acknowledging them as the fisrt people to live in Australia, the first Australians.

// WHAT IS TERRA NULLIUS, AND HOW DID THIS CONCPET COME ABOUT WITH REGARD TO AUSTRALIA? // The term Terra nullius means empthy land or land belonging to no one. This term can be used to describe Australia because when the british first landed here in Australia they didn't see the Aboriginal people owning the because they weren't using as they believe was the way to use land, such as building roads and towns. Also, the Aboriginal people didn't believe that the land belonged to anyone tehy were part of it. So it could be said that they didn't own it. The land was not empty though because even though the civilsation living on the land wasn't seen as advanced as the white man it was still a civisilation with language, a way of life, laws and boundaries.

// __THE DREAMING__ ESSENTIAL ELEMTS THAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN A DEFINITION OF DREAMING INCLUDE:// // PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE // Morrissey and co-author defined the 'Dreaming' as the past, present and future. I believe that this definition is more than appropriate as it conveys everthing that the Aboriginal Dreamtime is all about. They believe that a spirit or soul of someone or something lives on forever. They believe that once an objects physical shell dies, the inner soul/spirit lives on and returns to the dream time where it takes all it's memories with it. The Dreaming is rightfully explained by the terms past, present and future as the past is the creation of the universe, the present is what happening around us all now and the future, the dreaming planing out the roles for each the next day and the future of spirits that have once roamed this earth, now at rest waiting to be born into something new.
 * **Belief Systems** || **Behaviours** ||
 * * that the once flat landscape was shaped by giant beings
 * that an animal (totem) of their tribe was specail and wasn't hunted, eaten or harmed
 * had beliefs that were passed down through generations through song, damce, poems, chants, cave, wood and bark paintings.
 * Dream time stories, the cration stories explaining how everything came to be as it was
 * spiritual beliefs and rituals || * were nomadic and lived completly off the land
 * they hunted and gathered food
 * created tools such as spears for both hunting and defence
 * each tribe had their own language and boundaries like a sort of own land or country
 * spiritual beliefs and practiced rituals
 * firestick farming used to hunt and also to help teh bush grow ||
 * feeling within ones self allows the aboriginal people to become part of the natural environment
 * birth, life & death all part of the land, kinship with the environment
 * everything has a sould and spirit and is living
 * everything has a soul/spirit and is the same, only the physical shape it takes on is different but no less important
 * the soul/spirit continues after physical shell form has died
 * all spirits return to the dreamtime from where it came, that isn't that far away
 * the soul/spirit carry our memories to the dream time and will eventually return again through birth as human, animal, rock or tree
 * the dream time still exist today all around us
 * dream time is the essence of truth of aboriginal religious beliefs
 * dreaming refers to the view of creation of the Aboriginies not a night fantasy
 * its the past,present and future
 * the dreaming explains all questions with dreaming and creaction
 * shapes culture and relationship between male and female for the aboriginal people

// THE EMU AND THE TURKEY In this story, the emu tricks the turkey and in turn turkey then tricks the emu as revenge. The concepts of dreaming in this story are animals as the characters are animals, hunting and gathering as it explains why the emu is so easy to catch and mythology as it's a story to explain why the emu can't fly. This story would have been told to children from a very young age so they can understand why all other birds can fly and they can't.

THE LAND The Aborigines people believe that they are part of the land. They believe that their ancestors, once they die become part of the land. These can also be the dreamtime creation spirits. These ancestors can leave themselves in on the land in three various ways. These are Metamorphosis, Imprinting and Externalisation. Metamorphosis is when an ancestors body changes into a material object such as turning into a tree or a rock. Imprinting is when an ancestor leaves an imprint of their body or of a tool they used. This can result in a river or maybe in a indentation in a rock like a cave or even sharp spikes on the back on an echidna, as result from spears. External is when an ancestor has taken out park of their body. An example of this is how the warratah, a red flower that was created when a ancestor cut out her heart and buried it in the ground. Through these three concepts of how Aboriginal people are linked to their land we can understand why they have such strong feelings and emotions towards the land as they aren't just part of it, they are the land

SYMBOLS AND MEANINGS This symbol is the 'Bush Turkey'. Turkey feathers are used in ceremonies. The Aboriginal people use only the white feathers. They tie the feathers to sticks and also put them on their heads. They do ritual dances with the feathers and sticks. The foot prints show that a turkey was in that place so they can hunt the turkey.

This is a Goanna symbol. It's a symbol of the centre desert tribes as the goanna is mostly found in those areas. Also, it symbolises moist ground after rain. This symbol symbolises a water hole. It signifies a source of water, fertility and life.//

__**Empathy task**__ Many people say "oh i know how you feel", but the case of the Aboriginies is one thing that we can't say that to, the most we can do is feel empathy for these people. First of all white man came and took over their land. We don't know what that feels like. Next, they were told that they couldn't practice their spiritual rituals. Wasn't it already enough that they were taken from the land, there uncomprehendable conect to this land lost forever. Then to top it all of, their children were stolen from them and their civilisation was tried to be breed out. Now none of us can truly say they know what it feels like. We can't even fully understand what it would feel like. We loose a loved one and our world seems to fall apart and we are in despair. Imagine thison a scale so large that a whole race was simply wiped out, at least attempted to. The most we can do is feel for the Aboriginal people and try to put it into a more modern even such as Hitler killing the jews. It's the same concept and i believe that we are now being to understand this. We can not take back what has been done and we can't change the feelins that each Aboriginal people had or has but we can learn from our mistakes and truly try to understand to mental and physical hardship these people went through.

ANCIENT RELIGION JOURNAL: Tuesday, 17.3.09 Yesterday in class we started our proposals and began to choose the topics and start work on our assignments. Today, I chose the anciet religion, 'The Nordic Religion' or more commonly known as the Viking Relgion. I started my reasearch from a reliable soursce, the Studies Of Religion text book. The book has 11 pages of informaton each dieved into sections that give me information to start to answer the 7 assignment questions. So far I have taken notes from the text book on the topics of, A breif history of the nordic religion, Origins of the Universe, Principle beliefs (yggdrasil the wrold tree) and i'm beging the Supernatural powers and dities. I've also decided how i'm going to present my work, which is in a powerpoit presentation and a prepared speech/teaching notes that will help to me present my assignment and to teach the class about the Nordic religion. I hope to have my note taking finished by the end of the week.

WORK FROM 18.3.09 IN CLASS: Wednesday 18.3.09 Today in class i took notes from my text book and continued with my research for my assignment. I'm finding the Nordic religion very internesting. REFLECTION ON NORDIC RELIGION SUPERNATURAL BELIEFS: The people of the Nordic religion, the vikings believed very much in teh supernatural or supernatural happenings. They had many gods each for different things. There were two races of dieties, the Aesir and the Vanir. They believed that there religion revolved around the Yggdrasil tree, the World tree where all the gods lived. Each day all the gods met around the tree and help a sort of council to discuss matters of not just there realm, but the mortal (human) realm too.The believed in a bridge that linked the heavens and the earth. This is quiet weird as it relates alot to stories of today. This bridge was a rainbow and the mortals could see it but never cross it, in a way never get to the end. These days people always say there treasure at the end of the rainbow, well for the vikings the treasure would have been heaven with the gods. Make me think of a rainbow different now then just pretty colours across the sky after it's rained. Also at night the bridge was seen as a stream of stars arcoss the night sky, the milky way. These supernatural beliefs seem to be part of what everyday people believe in as either magical or fantasy stories or beliefs. The Nordic religion touches a special point with me as i have a soft spot for fantasy and magical stuff, always have so its a religion based around my childhood beliefs, wishes and imagination.

=**Celtic – Wednesday 1 April SDL**= =**Useful Web Sites for this study**:=

Celtic Culture: http://www.joellessacredgrove.com/Celtic/history.html#history Celtic Mythology: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Mythology The Religion of the Ancient Celts: http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/rac/ An on-line book by J. A. MacCulloch [1911] Celtic art site: http://gate.cia.edu/cbergengren/arthistory/celtic/ Celtic Religion: http://www.draeconin.com/database/celtreli.htm What we don’t know about the Ancient Celts: http://www.conjure.com/whocelts.html

=**Activity Origins of the Celts**=

• Using the Web Links above and below answer the following questions on your WIKI • 1. Describe celtic culture • 2. Recount ONE (1) Celtic Myth • 3. Outline the basic elements of the Celtic Religion • 4. Explain the New Order of the Druids

=**Support Material**:= http://gate.cia.edu/cbergengren/arthistory/celtic/ What we don’t know about the Ancient Celts: http://www.conjure.com/whocelts.html Celtic Culture: http://www.joellessacredgrove.com/Celtic/history.html#history Celtic Mythology: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Mythology The New Order of Druids: http://www.druidcircle.net/ click on “Celtic tradition”.