B.+Alessandro

http://hsc2009sor.wikispaces.com/9.+Religion+and+Peace ( religion and peace document ). http://hsc2009sor.wikispaces.com/ ( yr 12 2009 link )


 * POSSESSIVENESS:** A Sufi leader would say to me, that so yes to achieve greatness to me but me less dominate and to find your inner self and calmness.
 * ACKNOWLEDGING OWN NEEDS:** Sufi leader would say that i

The caring, interpersonal type. Twos are empathetic, sincere, and warm-hearted. They are friendly, generous, and self-sacrificing, but can also be sentimental, flattering, and people-pleasing. They are well-meaning and driven to be close to others, but can slip into doing things for others in order to be needed. T**hey typically have problems with possessiveness and with acknowledging their own needs**. **At their Best:** unselfish and altruistic, they have unconditional love for others.
 * http://www.australiansuficentre.org/article_paradoxself.htm **
 * Type Two **
 * //[|The Helper]//**

The easy-going, self-effacing type. Nines are accepting, trusting, and stable. They are usually grounded, supportive, and often creative, but can also be too willing to go along with others to keep the peace. They want everything to go smoothly and be without conflict, but they can also tend to be complacent and emotionally distant, simplifying problems and ignoring anything upsetting. **They typically have problems with inertia and stubbornnes**s. **At their Best**: indomitable and all- embracing, they are able to bring people together and heal conflicts. = = =A GOOD SUFI INTRODUCTION:= The Sufi Way’s approach to spiritual growth encourages both contemplative practice and the living of a full, balanced life that is present to both the joys and the suffering of the world. To these ends we facilitate inner school and service training programs, practice and study circles, meditation retreats, healing and worship services, cross-cultural pilgrimages, rites-of-passage, and individual spiritual guidance. The Sufi Way is known particularly for the creation of musical meditations which evoke a sense of inner peace and communion, and for the inclusive use of teachings and practices from diverse sources. Also characteristic of the Sufi Way is an on-going search for ways to inspire change, both in individuals and in the world. An example of this is the sponsoring of interfaith “bearing witness” pilgrimages to the Middle East and Asia as a means of citizen-to-citizen diplomacy across borders. Public programs are sponsored regularly in Britain, Europe, and the United States, and an annual summer school is held in July-August, usually in Britain or Europe.
 * Type Nine **
 * //[|The Peacemaker]//**

 **1.** **DEFINE ETHICS?** is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts like good and bad, right and wrong, justice, virtue, etc. **2.** **DEFINE BIOETHICS?** Bioethics is the philosophical study of the ethical controversies brought about by advances in biology and medicine. Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, philosophy, and theology. 3. **identify the main teachings and their sources (eg. Torah, Talmud etc...) that are applied to these issues?** 4. **Describe** **the Jewish teachings that specifically relate to the issue of Abortion within Judaism?**

In Judaism, views on abortion draw primarily upon the legal and ethical teachings of the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the case-by-case decisions of responsa, and other rabbinic literature. In the modern period, moreover, Jewish thinking on abortion has responded both to liberal understandings of personal autonomy as well as Christian opposition to abortion 5. **Describe** **the Jewish teachings that specifically relate to the issue of Euthanasia within Judaism?** the Hebrew Bible neither addresses nor explicitly condemns the practice of suicide. Suicide is not included in the list of biblical "negative commandments" enumerated by early Jewish thinkers.

-2009 start--below---

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUNNI AND SHI'I:

Even though the Sunni's and the Shi'i have there many differences which has turn to hate, they both believe in simular things when it comes to faith e.g. They both believe that Allah is God, the books of the Hadith,Qur'an, the 5 pillars and & articles of faith, both practises have remained the same.But with the simularities there are always differences. The differences developed into a philosophical dispute over nature of the Imam. So now here are there different beliefs: The SHi'i believe that: - The leader of everyone should be a decsenant of Ali. - Beliefs that Imams have always been around since the time if Adam with Adam being the First Imam. - Belief that the eventual return of the 12th Imam- called the Mahdi who will lead the forces of good and evil in an apocalyptic battle before the day of judgement. - The Shi'i tradition:- the Imami ( twelvers ), Ismaili ( seveners ), The Alawaite of Syria, The Druze, Zaidi. The Sunni believe that: - That the leader should be chosn throught the consensus of the Ummah. - Leader is to lead the Islamic world both spiritually and in a sector matters. - Sunni groups: Khariji'i = arose from the 7th century CE, belief in absolute purity if conduct and belief. Muwahhidun= Arose around 1800, adhere to the teachings of Ibn Taimiya condemning all innovations in islam.

SPECIFIC ETHICAL GUIDELINES IN THE SURA: - Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and that ye be kind to parents - Verily spendthrifts are brothers of the Evil Ones; and the Evil One is to his Lord (himself) ungrateful. - Make not thy hand tied (like a niggard's) to thy neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach, so that thou become blameworthy and destitute. - Kill not your children for fear of want: We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin. - And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause, and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided. -**SHAKIR:** All this-- the evil of it-- is hateful in the sight of your Lord.

THE HADITH INTERNET REASEARCH:


 * QUR'AN:**


 * MODESTY**:
 * For Muslim men and women,- for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise,- for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward.**


 * ADULTERY**:
 * //,//YUSUFALI: Nor come nigh to adultery: for it is a shameful (deed) and an evil, opening the road (to other evils).**


 * MARRIAGE:**


 * YUSUF** **YUSUFALI: Do not marry unbelieving women (idolaters), until they believe: A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even though she allures you. Nor marry (your girls) to unbelievers until they believe: A man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever, even though he allures you. Unbelievers do (but) beckon you to the Fire. But Allah beckons by His Grace to the Garden (of bliss) and forgiveness, and makes His Signs clear to mankind: That they may celebrate His praise.**


 * CHILDREN:**


 * YUSUFALI: O Children of Israel! call to mind the (special) favour which I bestowed upon you, and fulfil your covenant with Me as I fulfil My Covenant with you, and fear none but Me.**


 * HADITH:**


 * MODESTY:**


 * Narrated 'Ata:**
 * We presented ourselves along with Ibn 'Abbas at the funeral procession of Maimuna at a place called Sarif. Ibn 'Abbas said, "This is the wife of the Prophet so when you lift her bier, do not Jerk it or shake it much, but walk smoothly because the Prophet had nine wives and he used to observe the night turns with eight of them, and for one of them there was no night turn."**


 * ADULTERY:**
 * //Volume 1, Book 8, Number 415://**
 * Narrated Sahl bin Sa'd: A man said, "O Allah's Apostle! If a man finds another man with his wife, (committing adultery) should the husband kill him?" Later on I saw them (the man and his wife) doing Lian in the mosque**.


 * MARRIAGE:**
 * //Volume 1, Book 8, Number 367://**
 * Narrated 'Abdul 'Aziz:**
 * Anas said, 'When Allah's Apostle invaded Khaibar, we offered the Fajr prayer there yearly in the morning) when it was still dark. The Prophet rode and Abu Talha rode too and I was riding behind Abu Talha. The Prophet passed through the lane of Khaibar quickly and my knee was touching the thigh of the Prophet . He uncovered his thigh and I saw the whiteness of the thigh of the Prophet. When he entered the town, he said, 'Allahu Akbar! Khaibar is ruined. Whenever we approach near a (hostile) nation (to fight) then evil will be the morning of those who have been warned.' He repeated this thrice. The people came out for their jobs and some of them said, 'Muhammad (has come).' (Some of our companions added, "With his army.") We conquered Khaibar, took the captives, and the booty was collected. Dihya came and said, 'O Allah's Prophet! Give me a slave girl from the captives.' The Prophet said, 'Go and take any slave girl.' He took Safiya bint Huyai. A man came to the Prophet and said, 'O Allah's Apostles! You gave Safiya bint Huyai to Dihya and she is the chief mistress of the tribes of Quraiza and An-Nadir and she befits none but you.' So the Prophet said, 'Bring him along with her.' So Dihya came with her and when the Prophet saw her, he said to Dihya, 'Take any slave girl other than her from the captives.' Anas added: The Prophet then manumitted her and married her."**
 * Thabit asked Anas, "O Abu Hamza! What did the Prophet pay her (as Mahr)?" He said, "Her self was her Mahr for he manumitted her and then married her." Anas added, "While on the way, Um Sulaim dressed her for marriage (ceremony) and at night she sent her as a bride to the Prophet . So the Prophet was a bridegroom and he said, 'Whoever has anything (food) should bring it.' He spread out a leather sheet (for the food) and some brought dates and others cooking butter. (I think he (Anas) mentioned As-SawTq). So they prepared a dish of Hais (a kind of meal). And that was Walrma (the marriage banquet) of Allah's Apostle ."**

MOVIE REFLECTION: - Bagdad was center of the Islamic world. - People of the Islamic world always went there. - It was expected that a Muslim would visit Mecca at least once in there lifetime. - Over 100 different cities in the Islamic world. - 610 A.D. =Muslims believe that Muhammad, merchant from Makkah (Mecca begins receiving messages from Allah (God in Arabic). The divine visions will form the basis of the Koran, Islam's holy book. Muhammad leads a religious movement that worships Allah and no other deity (god). - 750 were developed so information was easier to pass down stories. - 622-633, Muhammad and his followers flee to Yathrib (later to be known as Medina) to escape religious persecution the neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. - Muslims took over Spain and then expanded to the outskirts of India. - 638-661,Muslim armies begin conquering areas of the old Byzantine and Persian empires. In 661, civil war erupts among Muslims after the assassination. Fanatical Moslem sect that smoked hashish and murdered Crusaders (11th—12th centuries). - Pope Urban 2nd tried to wipe to wipe out the Muslims by joining religion and his army to regain the holy land ( jerusalem) from the Muslims. This group was the Crusades. - Crusades murdered thousands of Muslims in the holy city of Jerusalem. - Mongolians invaded Bagdad. Whilst doing this they burnt down libraries and burnt down mosques. - But after this half of the Mongolians ended up converting to Islam. - Muslims came up with the system of hospitals. - Muslims came up with advances such as optical glasses. - Cathedral in spain, Cordoba first a muslim mosque. - Architecture found is now used around the world. - There were lots of muslims scholars. - Muslims went into other countries and expressed there knowledge about other religions. - Went the christians attack the muslims, the muslims were caught unaware because they didn't expect an attack. - Muslims created lots of medicine for sick people. - Spain was invaded by the Muslims because Spain was considered a land where the weather was good year round, easy access to the middle east and the rest of Europe, there was good ports in the country so it was good for trading, so thats why the muslims took over Spain from the Jewish people.

HUHAMMED: -PRiNCIPAL EVENTS IN MOHAMMED LIFES: J - EARLY LIFE: - Born into the quraysh tribe around 570CE. - His family looked after a sight at Mecca. - Orphaned at an early age. - Father died 6 months before he was born. - After his birth he was sent to a wet nurses in the hills outside the city. - Mother died before he was 6. - His guardian grandfather died when he was 8. - Uncle Abu Talib cared him for; uncle was leader of the tribe he was in. - Become familiar with the caravan trade and the business of being a merchant. - As a merchant, he met and married Khadijah, a widowed entrepreneur. She was 40 he was 25. - They had 2 or 3 sons and 4 daughters. - All the sons died inn childhood, and only Fatima survived. - Fatima gave Mohammed 2 grandsons: Hassam and Husayn. - Muhammad had 2 more wives after dearth of Khadijah. - Muhammad is said to have become disturbed by the changes to Makkan society as it moved in transition from a semi-rural to a commercial society.

HUHAMMAD VISION’S: -Muhammad decided to meditate upon these changes in the cave on Mt Hira. - It was there when Muhammad first revelation occurred when he was 40 years old in 610 CE. - The angel Gabriel visits him. - The first to believe his revelations were Khafijah, his cousin Ali and an older man Bakr. - The angle Gabriel put “ words on his lips for proclamation” and hence the Qur’an or recitation is first preached. -

QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE ( ISLAM).

1) love of the prophet. 10) pray 5 times a day. 2) broke away. 11) rumadum ( fast for 40 days). 3) prayer ( mecca) 12)sunni= 95% shite=5% 4) monotheism 13) pray on friday ( islam). 5) quian ( sacred texts) 6) Kabu ( black rock). 7) 5 pilla's. 8) submit to god. 9) face mecca for prayer.

CHRISTIANITY ASSIGNMENT: PART A: THE DIVINITY AND HUMANITY OF JESUS? Christianity affirms the full divinity and complete humanity of Jesus Christ: Some points that support this statement are: - Jesus is both fully human and divine. - The incarnation of Jesus as a human was an act out of love from God to humanity. - Jesus humanity shows the interrelatedness between God and humans. - Jesus was born as a human woman and died as a human being. - God has remained the word and Jesus had put that into flesh. - I am YAHWEEH (Hebrew name for God), John 6: 35, 8:12. Quote from the catechism chapter 91: HE DID THE TWO WILLS OF THE INCARNATE WORD COOPERATE? Jesus had a divine will and a human will. In his earthly life the Son of God humanly willed all that he had divinely decided with the father and the Holy Spirit for our salvation. The human will of Christ followed without opposition or reluctance the divine will or, in other words, it was subject to it. THE DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST: The tradition of humanity is based on the historical life, death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Some points that support this statement are: - The resurrection is not a historical event but a faith based one. - The essence of the resurrection is that Jesus conquered death and rose bodily from the grave to God. - For Christians the suffering experienced in Jesus life is overcome by a resurrection and a reunion with God. - After interrogation by Pontius Pilot, Jesus was sent to Golgotha and executed alongside two other criminals. - The resurrection consists of Jesus dying in human from the cross, and three days later rising from the dead to live forever. - The resurrection proves to believers that there is a life after death. Quote from the Catechism chapter 50: WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO SAY THAT GOD IS ALMIGHTY: God reveals himself as “ strong one, the mighty one” (psalm 24:8), as the One “ to whom nothing is impossible” (Luke 1:37). He is omnipotence is universal, mysterious and shows itself in the creation of the world out of nothing and humanity out of love, but above it all it shows itself in the Incarnation and the resurrection of his son, in the gift of filial adoption and in the forgiveness of sins. For this reason, the church directs her prayers to the “ almighty and the eternal God.

THE NATURE GOD AND THE TRINITY: Christians believe that there is one God who is Supreme Being to be worshipped and served. Some points that support this statement are: - God is not confined to the material world, has no gender and cannot be highly represented in images or adequately defined in words. - Since God is without equal, all images and words are ultimately inadequate to describe the mystery of God. - God is described as a savior, Shepherd and friend. As the creator and source of everything. Christianity is devotedly monotheistic. The religion teaches that there is one God, yet distinctively; the Christian God is a Holy Trinity, or “ tri-unity”. Some points that support this statement are: - The Trinity is a belief that Jesus was both human and God. He was God incarnate. - The Christian teaching is that the Trinity is a mystery never to be understood by humans in there lifetime. - God reveals himself to be the Trinity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

QUOTE FROM THE CATECHISM CHAPTER 27: What does it mean in practice for a person to believe in God? It means to adhere to God himself, entrusting oneself to him and giving assent to all the truths which god has revealed because God is truth. It means to believe in One God in three persons, Father, Son and the Holy Spirit.

PART B EXAMINE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BIBLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRISTIANITY WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE NEW TESTAMENT: Jesus helped bring around the bible, by spreading the word, he help develop the bible even further.

Sacred texts and writings: Christianity arose directly out of Judaism. Jesus himself was a Jew and so were his chosen disciples. The Christian tradition recognizes its Jewish heritage and accepts the holiness of the Hebrew Scriptures, or the Old Testament. The principal sacred texts of Christianity are contained in the New Testament, which was written by the followers of Jesus. Sacred Texts and writings are important to Christians because it gives followers an outline of what happen in the past of Christianity. The Bible: The New Testament of the bible consists of the four Gospels, which tell us the story of Jesus, the Acts and Epistles of the Apostles, which describe the formation of the early church. The bible is important to Christians because it tells us the stories of Jesus and his journey. The Gospels: Most of the available information about the life of Jesus comes from his ‘biographies’, (the gospels) which were written by Jesus followers some time after his death. Jesus is depicted somewhat differently in each Gospel because the Gospels were written at different times. Gospels are important to Christians because they give an insight of the stories of Jesus as time goes on. E.G. In the Gospel of Mark, the main points in the Gospel is the manifestation of the crucified Messiah. In the Gospel of Matthew, Matthew emphasizes Jesus as a teacher and gives a dramatic account of the coming Kingdom of Heaven. In the Gospel of Luke, Luke Gospel tries to reconcile and coordinate the two earlier writings of Mark and Matthew. In the Gospel of John, John emphasized that Jesus was the Messiah who brings salvation. The Synoptic Gospels: Since Matthew and Luke borrowed a lot of material from Mark, all three tend to give us the similar picture of Jesus, therefore the first three Gospels can be referred to as the Synoptic Gospels, because they each look at Jesus with the ‘same eye’. The Synoptic Gospels are important to Christians because it proves that all stories of Jesus are true.

Acts of the Apostles: The work entitled ‘ acts of the apostles’ was written as the same time as Luke’s Gospel. The Acts begins where Luke leaves off, with the appearances of Christ on earth after his resurrection. It is important to Christians because it tells us about the resurrection of Christ. The Epistles: The New Testament also includes the Epistles, which are apostolic letters attributed to Paul, Peter, James, Jude and John. Most of these letters were written to advise the first Christians about how to handle problems faced by their communities. The Epistles are important to Christians because it gives advice on how to handle and overcome problems. The Christian Canon: About 180CE, after a fair amount of discussion, the canon scripture we set and closed by the Church. The Old Testament was accepted, to this early Christian writings, namely, the four Gospels, the Acts, the Epistles and revelations which make up the New Testament. The Christian Canon is important to Christians because it is the bible and the core scared text. CATHOLIC: In the everyday life of a catholic person, the bible is used for: - Holy communion (quote from the catechism 263). - Prayer (quote from the catechism quote 56). - Weddings (quote from the Catechism quote 502). - Last rights (quote from the catechism quote 410). - Church (quote from the catechism quote 1). - Stories of Jesus (quote from the catechism quote 9). - Events of the past. (Quote from the catechism quote 22). - Vocations (quote from the catechism quote 188). - Baptism (quote from the catechism quote 34). - Divorce (quote from the catechism quote 347). Therefore the bible is important because it gives an understanding of God. PROTESANT: In the everyday life of a Protestant person, the bible is used for: - Stories of Jesus - Prayer - Last rights - Events of the past. - Marriage - Baptism Therefore the bible is important because it gives and understanding of God.

ORTHODOX: In the everyday life of a Orthodox person, the bible is used for: - Prayer - Weddings - Last rights - Holy communion - Stories of Jesus - Marriage - Vocations - Baptism Therefore the bible is important because it gives an understanding of God.

TIMELINE OF THE BIBLE: 4000 BCE (Adam, Eve and garden of Eden)

3000 BCE (Noah and the flood)

2000 BCE Habiru tribes in Mesopotamia

1900 BCE Patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob)

1600 BCE Joseph goes to Egypt

1180 BCE Moses and exodus from Egypt

Age of judges and semi-independent city-states

1029 BCE Country united under first king – Saul

King David moves capital to Jerusalem and expands empire

King Solomon builds temple in Jerusalem

930 BCE After Solomon, country splits into Judah (south, King Rehoboam) and Israel (north, King Jeroboam)

King Jeroboam sets up separate religion centered in Beth El J book written after 848 in court of king of Judah E book written after J book by priest from Shiloh (Mushite) in north 880 BCE Start of Omride dynasties in Israel

722 BCE Assyrian conquers Israel (722). “10 lost tribes.” Israelites move south

715 BCE Hezekiah becomes king JE book written to merge concepts in both J and E book P book written in response to JE book by Jerusalem (Aaronoid) priest 639 BCE Josiah becomes king – Key figure in creation of Bible 622 BCE D (Deuteronomy) “found” in temple. Written by priest from Shiloh (maybe Jeremiah) Deuteronomist texts (Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings) written 587 BCE Babylonians conquer Judah (587). Jews exiled to Babylonia. Others flee to Egypt.

538 BCE Persians conquer Babylon and Cyrus allows Jews to return.

517 BCE SECOND temples rebuilt (Passover, 517 BCE)

480 BCE (?) Ezra returns from Babylon with bible. Assumed to be final redactor.

400 BCE End of Historical account according to Hebrew Bible 160 BCE Daniel and Job were last books of bible to be written End of Historical account according to New Testament 100 BCE Hebrew Bible canonized

Dead Sea scrolls written around 100 BCE. Essentially no changes since then.

70 CE Second temple destroyed by Romans. End of “Temple Judaism.” Rise of rabbinic Judaism and Christianity.

The bible is important to Christians because it’s the New and the Old Testament combined to form one book. It gives an outlook

r0ORIGIN OF JESUS AND CHRIST:


 * 1.**
 * A) Origin name of Jesus: The word Jesus is the Latin form of the Greek Iesous, which in turn is the transliteration of the Hebrew Jeshua or Joshua, or again Jehoshua, meaning “Jehovah is salvation”. The name frequently occurs in the Old Testament.**
 * B) Origin of name Christ: The word Christ, Christos, the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew Messias means “ anointed”.**


 * 2. A) 1) Luke chapter 1:42 (and she cried out with a loud voice and said: Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb.**
 * 2) Luke chapter 1: 26 (and in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God into a city of Galilee, called Nazareth).**
 * 3) Mathew chapter 1: 2 (Abraham begot Isaac. And Isaac begot Jacob. And Jacob Judas and his brethren.**
 * 4) Mathew chapter 1:21 (And she shall bring forth a sin: and thou shalt call his name Jesus.**
 * 5) Acts chapter 10: 1 ( and there was a certain in Caesarea, named Cornelius, a centurion of that which is called the Italian Band).**
 * B) Josephus Flavius was a Jewish Historian, born A.D. 37, at Jerusalem died at the age of 101. He belonged to a distinguished priestly family, whose paternal ancestors he himself traces back five generations.**


 * 3. a) latin name for Jesus is Lesous.**
 * b) Latin name for Christ is Christus**


 * 4. followers of Jesus Christ were first called “christians” in antioch [acts 11:26] because their behavior, activity, and speech were like Christ.**


 * THE HOLY NAME OF JESUS:**
 * 1. The name Jesus is known to be a holy name because the name of Jesus is not holy becausewe believe the words have power to them, but because it reminds us of the blessings that Jesus left with us.**


 * 2. The Popes done alot to ensuring that Jesus name stayed holy, they did this by using Jesus's name in prayers and including his name in holy and specific event, blessings and prayer.**


 * 3. IHS is important to christmas because in the middle ages it represented jesus as Lord Jesus Christ.**


 * EARLY HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS CONCERNING JESUS CHRIST:**


 * 1. Pagan sources suggest that Jesus was**
 * **The field of the Gospelhistory was remote Galiee**
 * **the Jews were noted as a superstious race, if we believe Horace**
 * **the God of the Jews was unknown and unintelligible to most pagans of that period;**
 * **the Jews in whose midst Christanity had taken its origin were dispersed among, and hated by, all the pagan nations;**
 * **the Christian religion itself was often confounded with one of the many sects that had sprung up in judaism, and which could not excite the interest of the pagan spectato.**


 * 2. Tacitius said that Jesus was the founder of the christian religion, a deadly superstitionin the eyes of the Romans, had been put to death by the procurator Pontius Pilate under the reign of Tiberius; that His religion, though suppressed for a time, broke forth again not only throughout Judea where it had originated, but even in Rome.**
 * 3. Pliny the youngerster said in which the Governor of Bithynia consults his imperial majesty as to how to deal with the Christians living within his jurisdiction.**


 * 4. Josephus understanding of Jesus was Jesus, a wise man (if indeed it is right to call Him man; for He was a worker of astonishing deeds, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with joy), and Hebdrew to Himself many Jews (many also of Greeks. This was the Christ.) And when Pilate, at the denunciation of those that are foremost among us, had condemned Him to the cross, those who had first loved Him did not abandon Him (for He appeared to them alive again on the third day, the holy prophets having foretold this and countless other marvels about Him.)**


 * 5.** **Christian sources suggest that Jesus was hardly mention the so called Agrapha and Apocrypha. For whether the Agrapha contain Logia of Jesus or refer** **to incidents in His life, they are either highly uncertain or present only variations of the Gospel story.**


 * CHRONOLOGY OF THE LIFE OF CHRIST:**

**- The date of the beginning of Christ's ministry may be calculated from three different data found respectively in Luke3:23 ; Josephus,** **- The first of these passages reads: "And Jesus himself was beginning about the age of thirty years". The phrase "was beginning" does not qualify the following expression "about the age of thirty years", but rather indicates the commencement of the public life. As we have found that the birth of Jesus falls within the period 747-749 A.U.C., His public life must begin about 777-779 A.C.U.** **- According to the Evangelists Jesus suffered under the high priest Caiphas (A.U.C. 772-90, or A.D. 18-36), during the governorship of Pontius Pilate A.U.C. 780-90). But this leaves the time rather indefinite. Tradition, the patristictestimonies for which have been collected by Pratzi(De Evangeliis), places the death of Jesus in the fifteenth (or sixteenth) year of Tiberius.** **- Jesus died on Friday, the fifteenth day of Nisan. That He died on Friday is clearly stated by Mark 15:42, Luke 23:54, and John 19:31 . The few writers who assign another day for Christ's death are practically lost in the multitude of authorities who place it on Frida.**
 * 1.**
 * - **St. Mathews (2:1) **tells us that Jesus was born "in the days of King Herod".**

**THE MYSTERY OF INCARNATION:**

**1. We have treated the fact of the Incarnation, that is, the fact of the Divine nature of Jesus, the fact of the Human nature of Jesus, the fact of the union of these two natures in Jesus.**

**2. Catholics hold that, before the Resurrection, the Body of Christ was subject to all the bodily weaknesses to which human nature unassumed is universally subject; such are hunger, thirst, pain, death. Christhungered ( Mathew 4:2), thirsted ) (John 19:28), was fatigued (John 4:6), suffered pain and death.**

**3. My definition of incarnation is when you die that you come back to life in a different type of form E.G. butterfly or a fish.**

**THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST:**

**1. 5 facts about the resurrection of jesus christ are:** **1.According to St. Matthew, He appeared to the holy women, and again on a mountain in Galilee.** **2. according to St. Mark, He was seen by Mary Magdalem, by the two disciples at Emmaus, and the Eleven before his Ascension into heaven; according to St. Luke, He walked with the disciples to Emmaus, appeared to Peter and to the assembled his disciples in Jerusalem.** **3. His Resurrection; he was seen by Cephas, by the Eleven, by more than 500 brethren, many of whom were still alive at the time of theApostle's writing.** **4. The main sources which directly attest the fact of Christ's Resurrection are the four gospels and the Epistles of St.paul.**

**2. Matthew 28:1-3, Matthew 28:2-4, John 20:1-2, Luke 24:2, John 20:1-2**

**3. The disciples, it is said, stole the body of Jesus from the grave, and then proclaimed to men that their Lord had risen. This theory was anticipated by the Jews who "gave a great sum of money to the soldiers, saying: Say you, His disciples came by night, and stole him away when we were asleep" )Matthew 28:12 .****The same was urged by Celsus (Origen, // Against Celsus II.56//) with some difference of detail. But to assume that the Apostles with a burden of this kind upon their consciences could have preached a kingdom of truth and righteousness as the one great effort of their lives, and that for the sake of that kingdom they could have suffered even unto death, is to assume one of those moralimpossibilities which may pass for a moment in the heat of controversy, but must be dismissed without delay in the hour of good reflection.**

**DEVOTION TO THE SCARED HEART OF JESUS:**

**1. This act is required by the very object of the devotion, since devotion to the love of Jesus for us should be pre-eminently a devotion of love for Jesus. It is characterized by a reciprocation of love; its aim is to love Jesus who has so loved us, to return love for love.**

**2. Outline the historical ideas on the development of devotion were the historical foundations, Theological foundations and the philosophical scientific foundations.**

**CHRISTOLOGY**

**1.-St. Paul insists on the truth of Christ real humanity and divinity, in spite of the fact that at first sight the reader is confronted with three objects in the apostles writing.** **-But then the latter is both Divine and human, both God and man.** **- in reality they only describe a mode of being or hint at the presence of a highernature in Christ not seen by the senses** **- The Apostle dwells with emphasis on Our Lord's real share in our physical human weakness (2 Corinthians 13:4), on His life of suffering (Hebrews 5:8) reaching its climax in the Passion (1:5; Philippians 3:10; Colossians 1:24).**

**2. Christ's divinity in paulines epistles outline that the superiority of the Christian revelation over all other Divine manifestations, and the perfection of the New Covenant with its sacrifice and priesthood, are derived from the fact that Christ is the Son of God. The Apostle understands by the expression "Son of God" not a merely moral dignity, or a merely external relation to God which began in time, but an eternal and immanent relation of Christ to the Father. He contrasts Christ with, and finds Him superior to, Aaron and his successors, Moses and the Prophets .He raises Christ above the choirs of angels, and makes Him their Lord and Master and seats Him as heir of all things at the right hand of the Father.**

**3. - The epistles of St. James** **- Belief of St. Peter** **- Epistles of St. Peter** **- Epistle of St. Jude**

[|__**Alessandro DO NOT DELETE THIS WORK.... THIS IS YOU STUDY FOR WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY**__]

=WEEK 7 - Wednesday and Thursday Self Directed Learning= You are required to complete the following research using the links below []

[|**Origin of the Name of Jesus**]
In this article, we shall consider the two words -- "Jesus" and "Christ" -- which compose the Sacred Name. []

Questions
1. Explain the origin of the name (a) Jesus and (b) Christ. 2. Use the scripture quotes in the reading (a) find 5 Scripture passages and write out the whole quote (b) Who was Josephus? 3. Give the Latin name for (a) Jesus and (b) Christ 4. How did the title 'Christian' develop?

[|**The Holy Name of Jesus**]
We give honour to the Name of Jesus, because it reminds us of all the blessings we receive through our Holy Redeemer.  []  Questions 1. Use this reading to outline why the name of Jesus is holy. 2. What role have the various Popes (Urban IV, John XXIII, Clement XIII and Benedict XIII) played in ensuring the name of Jesus is holy. 3. Why is IHS significant for Christians?

[|**Early Historical Documents Concerning Jesus Christ**]
In this article, we discuss the ancient historical documents -- pagan, Jewish, and Christian -- referring to Christ's life and work. [] Questions 1. Outline what **//pagan//** sources say about Jesus? 2. Outline what **__Tacitius__** has to say about Jesus? 3. Describe what Pliny the Younger says about Jesus? 4. Describe Josephus' understanding of Jesus. 5. Outline what Christian sources say about Jesus?

[|**Chronology of the Life of Christ**]
In this article, we shall endeavour to establish the absolute and relative chronology of our Lord's life [] Questions 1. Construct a Time line of the Chronology of the life of Jesus. Ensure that you attribute a scripture passage to each point on the time line.

[|**The Character of Jesus Christ**]
Here we consider the character of Jesus as manifested first in His relation to men, then in His relation to God. []  Questions 1. From the section 'Divinity of Jesus' what is your understanding of the Divinity of Jesus?

[|**The Mystery of the Incarnation**]
The Incarnation is the mystery and dogma of the Word made Flesh. [] Questions 1. Outline the Nature of the Incarnation as described in Section II 2. Outline the effects of the incarnation on Christ Himself (Section III) 3. Define The Incarnation.

[|**The Resurrection of Jesus Christ**]
Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life. In this article, we shall treat of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, including its characteristics and importance [] Questions 1. Construct a Table of Facts about the Resurrection of Jesus. 2. List 5 Scripture passages that support the Resurrection of Jesus. 3. Choose ONE opposing THEORY and outline the central ideas of this theory.

[|**Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus**]
Devotion to the Sacred Heart is but a special form of devotion to Jesus [] Questions 1. Explain the concept of devotion in relation to Christianity. 2. Outline the historical ideas on the development of devotion.

[|**Christology**]
Christology is that part of theology which deals with Our Lord Jesus Christ. In its full extent it comprises the doctrines concerning both the person of Christ and His works; but in the present article we shall limit ourselves to a consideration of the person of Christ []

**Questions**
1. Outline Pauline Christology in dot points 2. Outline Christ's divinity in Pauline epistles. 3 In point form LIST the Christology of Catholic epistles. = = =Please ENSURE you add you answers to your WIKI during EACH lesson.=

CLASS ESSAY 16/6/09

The jewish ethical teachings are basically sets of rules/instructions in which a Jewish person should live by. By following these rules it gives a jewish person a sense of guidence throughout there life as a jeiwsh person. The core ethical teachings are the 613 mitzvots or 10 Commandments e.g. Not to leave a beast, that has fallen down beneath its burden, unaided ( Deut. 22:). The main teachings preached by the Jewish people are 1.Love of God, this basically means to love your G-d, and to pray to him and to love him. 2. Love thy neighbour ( this means respect the person you live next to you and in return good will come., both are found in Duetronomy. The basic understanding of the 10 commandments is to honour your God and to love thy neighbour, some examples are 1. You shall honour no other god before me( which basically means you shall only honour one god no other god), 2.You shall not take the lords name in vain ( basically means not to say anything the will disrespect there god ), 3. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy, ( honour the holy day and to love thy god ). The commandments are an important aspect to a adherant persons life. It provides an understanding of what the rules let or not like a adherant person to do. e.g.1. You shall not murdur, this is the 6 commandment, this commandment tells you that since you are a follower of God you shall not murdur. e.g.2 You shall not steal meaning, to be a follower you shall not take anothers prizedpossession. e.g. 3 honour your mother and father, to be a adherant you must love the people that brought you into the world and for whatever they have done for you. According to Jewish law, every man and women is obliged to bring at least two cildren in the world, and that they should adpot if they cannot have their own. In terms of abortion, Jews place great emphasis on the life of the mother, and do not believe that the life of any unborn child should take precedence over what is in the best interests of the whole family, so it is easy to say that the jewish people are agaisnt abortion and that all life shuld be taken in proportion no matter if it is unborn or alive. There fore Jewish ethical teachings provide us with many different understandings of ways that life should be lived if you are a jewish person.

NEW SCRIPT


 * CARERGORY A **
 * 1. Monotheism In Judaism means the belief in one God, who has no shape or form, who is both the creator and ruler of the universe. **


 * 2. The moral law is to combine the love of God with love of neighbour. This is found in (Deuteronomy 6:5) “ love the lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your strength” combined with “ love your neighbour as yourself” (Leuticus 19:18). In Judaism the Jewish people live by 613 mitvots 248, which are positive, and 365, which are negative. **


 * 3. Covenant between the Jews & God declares that the Jewish peoples are the chosen ones who will enjoy the blessings and protection of God & in return for being obedient & faithful to Him. E.g. you must live life by following the Mitzvoth. **


 * CATERGORY B **
 * 1. In Judaism, all things that we do revolve around Yahweh. Attributes of Yahweh are: God exists (god helped Abraham on his journey to help free the Israelites), God is one, God is the creator of everything, God is incorporeal, God is neither female nor male, God is omnipresent (helped Abraham when he needed to cross the sea), God is omnipotent (the 10 plagues), God is Omniscient, God is eternal, God is both Just and Merciful, God Is holy and perfect and God is our father and our king. **

** 3. Covenant between the Jews and God declares that Jewish people are the chosen ones. E.g. Covenant with Israel ** : ** Gods B’rit with the Israelites occurred upon mount Sinai. This covenant was brought upon the people through Moses. Moses came down from the mountain with two tablets containing the written 10 commandments, which was given to the people by God. The Israelites were to use these commandments to live by. **
 * 2. The moral laws are about ethical standards, which basically must be followed which will leave them into goods paths. These standards are between the people and god and between people and others. The commandments also fall into the simular divisions. The first 4 of the 10 commandments regulate the behaviour between people and God such as (worship no other God besides me). The last 6 of the 10 commandments are about relationships between people such as (you shall honour your neighbour, you shall not steal). **
 * CATERGORY C **
 * 1. The Jewish people believe that God is the meshier, who created everything that exists on earth. They believe that God will come again but this will only happen if they keep the world perfect by following the commandments, god is constantly involved because of the commandments. **
 * 2. Moral Law informs how all-Jewish people should live whilst treating people the same way you treat yourself and to treat people with respect. E.g. this means that you shouldn’t go against the 274th mitzvoth, not to steal personal property (Leviticus 19:11). Stealing can come from taking another ones piece of possession to downloading pirated movies of the Internet. **

** 3. The Shabbat is the seventh day of the Jewish week and a day of rest in Judaism. The Shabbat is observed from sundown Friday until the appearance of three stars in the sky Saturday night. Shabbat is a precious gift from God,. It is considered a festive day, when a person is freed from the regular labours of the everyday life, can contemplate the aspects of life and can spend time with the family. The Shabbat embodies the essence of Judaism, symbolizing the relationship of the Jewish people to God and humankind. The Sabbat is included in the fourth Decalogue “ observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy (Deuteronomy 5:12-15). So important is the Shabbat that it alone of all the Jewish festivals is mentioned in the creation story and the 10 Decalogue’s **

CARERGORY A 1. Monotheism In Judaism means the belief in one God, who has no shape or form, who is both the creator and ruler of the universe.

2. The moral law is to combine the love of God with love of neighbour. This is found in (Deuteronomy 6:5) “ love the lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your strength” combined with “ love your neighbour as yourself” (Leviticus 19:18).

3. Covenant between the Jews & God declares that the Israelites are the chosen ones who will enjoy the blessings and protection of God & in return for being obedient & faithful to Him. E.g. you must live life by following the Mitzvot, which were revealed, to Moses at Mount Sinai.

CATERGORY B 1.13 Attributes of Yahweh are: God exists (god helped Abraham when he went on the journey to free the Israelites from slavery), God is one, God is the creator of everything, God is incorporeal, God is neither female nor male, God is omnipresent (helped Abraham when he needed to cross the sea), God is omnipotent (the 10 plagues), God is Omniscient, God is eternal, God is both Just and Merciful, God Is holy and perfect and God is our father and our king.

2. The moral laws are about ethical standards, which basically must be followed which will leave them into goods paths. These standards are between adherent people and god and between people and others. The Decalogue also falls into the simular divisions. The first 4 of the 10 Decalogue regulate the behaviour between people and God such as (worship no other God besides me). The last 6 of the 10 commandments are about relationships between people such as (you shall honour your neighbour, you shall not steal). 3. Covenant between the Jews and God declares that Jewish people are the chosen ones. E.g. Covenant with Israel: one of Gods B’rit with the Israelites occurred upon mount Sinai. This covenant was brought upon the Israelites through Moses. Moses came down from the mountain with two tablets containing the written Decalogue, which was given to the adherent by God. The Israelites were to use the Decalogue to live by.

CATERGORY C 1. The Jewish people believe that God is the meshier, who created everything that exists on earth. They believe that God will come again but this will only happen if they keep the world perfect by following the Decalogue e.g. ( the world must be a world with no crime and a world with love and care ), god is constantly involved because of the Decalogue. 2. Moral Law informs how all-Jewish people should live whilst treating people the same way you treat yourself and to treat people with respect. E.g. this means that you shouldn’t go against the 274th mitzvot, not to steal personal property (Leviticus 19:11). e.g. Stealing can come from taking another ones piece of possession to downloading pirated movies of the Internet.

3. Shabbat is a precious gift from God. It is considered a festive day, when a person is freed from the regular labours of the everyday life, can contemplate the aspects of life and can spend time with the family. Shabbat embodies the essence of Judaism, symbolizing the relationship of the Jewish people to God and humankind. So important is the Shabbat that it alone of all the Jewish festivals is mentioned in the creation story and the Decalogue “exodus 20 and deut 5”.

CARERGORY A 1. Monotheism In Judaism means the belief in one God, who has no shape or form, who is both the Creator and ruler of the universe.

2. The moral law is to combine the love of God with love of neighbor. This is found in (Deuteronomy 6:5) “ Love the lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your Strength” combined with “ love your neighbor as yourself” (Leuticus 19:18).

3. Covenant between the Jews & God declares that the Jewish peoples are the chosen ones who Will enjoy the blessings and protection of God & in return for being obedient & faithful to Him. E.g. you must live life by following the Mitzvoth.

Always give an example

CATERGORY B 1. Attributes of Yahweh are: God exists, God is one, God is the creator of everything, God is incorporeal, God is neither Male nor Female, God is omnipresent, God is omnipotent, God is Omniscient, God is eternal, God Is both Just and Merciful, God is holy and perfect and God is our father and our king.

Include eg for 3 attributes

2. The moral laws are about ethical standards, which basically must be followed which will leave them into goods paths. These standards are between the people and god and between people and others. The commandments also fall into the similar divisions. The first 4 of the 10 commandments regulate The behavior between people and God such as (worship no other God besides me). The last 6 of the 10 Commandments are about relationships between people such as (you shall honor your neighbor, you Shall not steal).

3.

The central concept is to be obedient to God and to love your neighbor. One example of this in The bible is the demand to observe the Sabbath. The Torah states “ And thou shalt remember that Thou was a servant in the land of Egypt, and the lord thy God brought thee out there by a mighty Hand and a outstretched arm, therefore the lord commanded thee to keep the Sabbath day”.

CATERGORY C

1. The Jewish people believe that God is the messier, who created everything that exists on earth. They believe that God will come again but this will only happen if they keep the world perfect by following the commandments, god is constantly involved because of the commandments.

2. Moral Law informs how all-Jewish people should live whilst treating people the same way you treat yourself and to treat people with respect. E.g. this means that you shouldn’t go against the 274th mitzvoth, not to steal personal property (Leviticus 19:11). Stealing can come from taking another ones piece of possession to downloading pirated movies of the Internet.

3. Shabbat is a precious gift from God. It is considered a festive day, when a person is freed from the regular labors of the everyday life, it contemplates the aspects of life and can spend time with the family.

HOMEWORK: 14/5/09 The commandments are important in Jewish tradition because the commandments were sort to be handed down my god. For the Jews it gives them and understanding of what they are able to fo and what they are not able to do. They feel as if they were to follow the commandments that were given to Moses by God they would be reward when they were to go to heaven.

it provides a undertstanding for the jewish people of what to do

becasue they were hand down by god

HOMEWORK 13/5/09 KEY ASPECTS OF MOSES LIFE: - Moses was born - Moses kills an Eygptian and escapes to Midian. - Moses marries Zippoarh. - Moses and his brother confront the Paharoh of Egypt and tyr to convince him to get to let the jews go, he declines and 2o plagues follow. - Moses leads his people out of Egypt across the red sea. - Lord gives water from rock - Moses recive sthe 10 commandments at Mount Sinai - People make an idol in a shape of a bull and moses breaks the stones that have laws on it. - Lord gives him a second pair of commandments - The lord gives Moses instructions about making the tribe into priest to serve the acient tents. - Korath, Dathan and Abriam rebel agaisnt moses. - Moses creates a bronze snake that would help the people that were bitten by wild snakes. - Lord gives moses the most important commandment - Moses blesses the tribes of Israel - The death of Moses.

WHY IS MOSES SIGNIFICANT IN JEWISH HISTORY: The reaosn why Moses is an important figure in Jewish history is because he created the history for the Jews. - He was the man that set them free, he went to Egypt and eventually convinced the king but it came at a price. - He led them showing them the way by paring the red sea so his people could flea to saftey without getting killed by an Egyptian army. - The main reason why he is recognised as a important part, he saved the people, he was they saviour of the slaves, the man that could inter act with God and be able to say things back to the people that he told him. Basically without Moses in the Jewish story, there isnt really a jewish history after all he created it. Before Moses the jews were just slaves in Egypt but when Moses came he changed all that.

HOMEWORK 12/5/09 THE KEY PARTIARCHS IN JUADISM:

ABRAHAM: Was the fIrst Partriarch, he has been the only person who has spoken to god. He lead the Israelites out of slavery and aaway from Egypt and introduced the 10 commandments to his people. ISAAC: Isaac was the subject of the tenth and most difficult test of Abraham's faith: G-d commanded Abraham to sacrifice Isaac as a burnt offering. (Gen 22). This test is known in Jewish tradition as the Akeidah. JACOB:

HOMEWORK 9/5/09 The central theme of Judaism, is the covenant between the Jews and God. This was first made Abraham, from whom the Jewish believe they came. This covenant was renewed with Abraham's son Isaac, and Abraham's grand son Jacob.The covenant was extended as Moses was given the Ten Commandments and other laws. From this, the Jews learn how they should lead their lives.The covenant involves that the Jews are a chosen people, giving them certain rights as well as responsibilities.

8/5/09 Adhearant = follower.

Covenant with Israel: The covenant occurred Sinai when the people announced their acceptance of the words of the covenant which was found in the ten commandments. The obedience buy the people

Covenant: In religion a covenant can refer to a promise between man and God: * Covenant (biblical), in the Hebrew Bible * Greater Covenant, in the Bahá'í Faith * Covenant Theology, in Christianity interpretations of a covenant surrounding Jesus's death and resurrection.

http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/c/covenant_jewish.html

Alessandro's Learning Page =//DESCRIBE WHAT A RELIGION WOULD BE LIKE IF ITS BELIEVERS UNDERSTOOD THAT THE DIVINE DWELT WITHIN THEM EACH OF THEM?//= = = ====//If a religion believed that God dwelled inside within each and every person the religion would be very different. In this i mean that every single person has a faith, and if God was inside of the person he could decide the persons faith, in this case the religion would believe that religion decides a persons faith. Then again if God was inside each and every person the world would be very different e.g. there would be no evil in the world, everyone would obey by the laws of the bible ( ten commandments ), God would be able to give people guidance, there would be no wrong, no jealousy, no greed, they would be hope, things would happen for a reason because of God, people would become more acceptable of one another no matter what color you are, no discrimination, equality and if you were to live life to the fullest God may reward you in the afterlife. If religion was like this the world would be a much safer, happier and a more livable place.//====

//Alessandro. what is faith? can the world ONLY be happy if there is faith? Are there people who dont have a faith? What would you say to these people? How do you explain the violence in the Jewish and Christian worlds where the commandments are followed? Do people focus on the afterlife? Can the promise of afterlife bring peace to man kind?//

//Well from my understanding i think that many people do not focus on the afterlife, i believe that most people just live life the way they think its meant to be lived and when they eventually die and since they believe in God then automatically go to heaven.//

//OUR MADE UP RELIGION?// //5. Our ethical and moral code.// //what we shouldn't do as a religion?//

THE RULES OF TORT

//- You shouldn't commit murder -be greatfull for everything that you have// //- Should not commit adultery - when married to a wife you must cherish and not commit afairs or abuse towards her.// //- Shouldn't commit theft// //- should always love your partner & family// //- you shall not cherish other gods besides your own// //-you shall not say your Gods name in vain// //-cherish the hand that feeds you// //- you shall cherish all living things unless are are under threat// //-not to take revenge// //- to pray at least once a day to at least one of the Gods//

//**4. Things we consider as scared?**// //- acqua fall is considered a scared place becuase one of the respect elders of the tribe claimed to have seen the face of Rambodinho, appear in the water after going for a walk, the people acknowldge Acqua fall as the place when Rambodinho lives.// //- The solider trees that circle the area where the people live, these trees are scared becuase they seem to have faces curved in there body,the people acknowledge them as the soliders of Rambodinho that were meant to look after the village.// //- Leader Mapimp is a scared person becuase he was the first ever leader of the tribe.// //- The sacred text of Tort is a text that tells what you should belive in and what you should and shouldn't do.// //- Mountain side Garden, is a place where for many years the village people have met for meetings and celebrations.//

//6. How we whorship our supreme beings?// //-At the start of the day all villagers gather together from there huts and have there daily prayer.// //- After that all the men go out for a hunt and catch a animal relatively larg for a feast.// //- The women stay behind and cook and prepare meals.// //- When the sun reaches its hightest point during the day all the village go to Acqua fall for there midday prayer, they belive praying at Acqua// //fall they might convince Rambodinho to come and look over them during the night.// //- At sunset the men bring what ever they have captured during the day and the women bring whatever they prepare.// //- At Mountain side garden the men prepare a fire and start to cook the animal that they have captured.// //- When the the animal is cooked all the people come together and pray for the final time of the day.// //- After that they feast on the food, sing and dance.//

//Thats what they do when they celebrate something for Rambodinho.//

//HOW I FELT ABOUT MY GROUP PERFORMANCE?//

//Well i must be honest our group performance wasnt that crash hot, we were not that organized like the other groups. We got the work done but the final quality wasnt't good.//

HOMEWORK ON FIRST AUSTRALIANS VIDEO?

One cannot consider aboriginal spirituality without considering there connection to the land. The settlement of white europeans and their dispossession of their land deprived the aboriginals of their land, scared sites, just like europeans with there holy sites forms part of there fundermental belief in the Dreamland. With no affliation with the land it meant that the european religion was taken up as there new belief, however it must be recognised that christianity and aboriginal spirituality are not identical therfore the aboriginals adoption of the whitmans religion meant a loss of idenity of their ancesturol land.


 * INTRODUCTION TO ABORIGINAL?**

1. A small 'a' is used in the word aborigine means a indigenous person from any country, it is used when someone is mentioning someone from another country. A small 'a' is used to describe something associate something with the aboriginals, e.g. an aboriginal painting. 2. Aboriginals should be spelt with a big 'A' when it refers to something associated with our people. 3. Indigenous Australians what to be know as Aboriginies rather than Aboriginals because the term Aboriginal natives to British was a race they would die out eventually. 4. Terra nullius is a land belonging to no one. Captain cook thought Australia to be "terra nullius" when he first arrived. When he first looked at the lifestyle of the aboriginal culture, Cook thought the idea of that the Aboriginal people had little relation to the land and didnt make the most out of the land. He then declared that the land of Australia was belonging to no one. The judgement that was made was the start of the pain that the White Europeans inflicted on the culture of the aborginal people. 5.Behaviours - They lived of the land - Hunted and gathered food, -tools were created for hunting and defence - each tribe had there own language and had there boundires - They had spiritual beliefs and practised rituals - Fire stick farming was to hunt and also helped the bush grow back better.

Beliefs - spiritual beliefs and rituals - Dream time stories, it is a story which explains how everything came about the way it is now - Beliefs were passed down through generations by songs, paintings, cave paintings and drawings - A totem of an animal was special to the aboriginals.

Elements that should be included in the defifinition of Dreaming: - There must be a some kind of cretor who created the land and the enviroment. - That the soul of someone will continue to live on after death - Things that give us a purpose - There is some kind of story behind everything - Affects all life - it is both personal and communal -beginning of life
 * THE DREAMING?**

Define dreaming as the past, present and the future. Is this definition appropriate? - I belive that this statement is true. The dreaming can be defined as the past, present and the future of the aboriginal people of Australia as it relates to there creation story, the lives of the present Aboriginal generation and the porspective of generations of other Aboriginal people.

The painting relates to the site of Warlukurlangu south of Yuendumu. It tells the story of a Blue Tongue Lizard man who set fire to the surrounding countryside to pursue and punish his two sons, who refused to share a kangaroo they had killed. The two sons on seeing the uncontrollable enormous Bushfire gathered their spears, spear throwers, stone knives as well as their fire beaters and fled in great haste south from Yuendumu towards the South Australian border, but unfortunately they were overcome and engulfed in the flames.
 * ART, STORIES, SONGS AND SACRED OBJECTS**

1:camp site water hole 2:man 3:fire,smoke,water,blood 4:two men sitting 5:rain 6:four woman sitting 7:water running between two water holes 8: a resting place 9:footprints


 * //The Land://**

My belief on metamorphisis is that its a transition into the afterlife making an ancestor into a material obect when one dies.e.g: a huge mountain peak may represent the body of an ancestor that stood up to look around at the surrounding of the country.

My belief on Imprinting is that its another transition different to the last being when an ancestor dies they leave the impression or the imprint of their body or a tool that they used.e.g: Many of the rocks found on the hills and plains are said to represent the ancestral beings.

My belief on externalisation is a transition in which when an ancestor dies he/she takes an object out of their body.e.g:lake Eyre was formed by a boy pursuing a kangaroo.Assisted by an old man and his dog to kill it, he gave the meat to the old man and took the skin back to his own country where he threw it on the ground.It ws then formed into the lake.

To all Aboriginies the land is not dead it is alive and inextricable to them.Aboriginals believe that they are embodied with in the land.

//**The MIND MAP - The Dreaming - read this**//


=**Self - Directed Learning - DUE Friday Week 6**= • outline the nature of the Dreaming in relation to: – origins of the universe – sacred sites – stories of the Dreaming – symbolism and art

• discuss the diversity of the Dreaming for Aboriginal peoples

• recognise the importance of the Dreaming for the life of Aboriginal peoples

• investigate the inextricable connection of the Dreaming, the land and identity


 * Short Answer Questions ** : Aboriginal Spirituality (20 marks)

1. Outline the importance of the dreaming for Aboriginal spirituality. (4 marks) The importance was significant, the dreaming for them was there creation story, it was special to them because it told them how the land was formed by there ancestors, how they race came about and how everything in general was formed

2. Explain the inextricable connection of the Dreaming, the land and identity to Aboriginal Spirituality. (4 marks) Well for starters without having no the land there is no creation story for the aboriginals, The aboriginals evolve around the land that’s why the land is so important to the aboriginal spirituality..

3. Describe the importance of art and symbol within Aboriginal Spirituality. (4 marks)

The artwork and symbols are important in Aboriginal spirituality because they represent many different things in there spirituality, e.g. some paintings represent for them the story of the dreaming and various ways the land was created etc, there art work is part of their creation story and are linked together with the dreaming story.

4. Define the following (a) Metamorphosis (b) Imprinting (c) Externalization in relation to the land. (3 marks)

Metamorphosis: is a theory that says that ancestors transform into some type of material object.

Imprinting: Imprinting is the theory that the ancestors imprinted the land with their footsteps when they travelled the world, shaping the earth.

Externalization: that when an ancestors passes an object from their extracted

5. Outline the impact of the ‘stolen generation’ on Aboriginal spirituality. (5 marks) - In removing their children white people stole Aboriginal people's future. Language, tradition, knowledge, dances and spirituality could only live if passed on to their children. In breaking this circle of life white people hoped ** to end Aboriginal culture. With the act that was performed by the white people the aboriginal culture was damaged and now the people are still feeling the effects of it. **

** HOMEWORK: ** ** You're a kid, waking up every morning knowing that your mum and your dad will be there to support you throught the day and the rest of your life, thats the way most kids wake up every morning, knowing that they have the best life. ** ** Well spare a thought for the aboriginall half casts, these kids were just taken away from there families, they didn't have a choice they were just taken away just like the kids that were affecting by the tsuami, they were sweapt away wihout and reasonn and most of them were found died. The parents of the kids didnt wont this the Goverments of the time wanted this to happen, they wanted to get rid of the blacks.They felt as if there were unnecessaty in the world, so they sent these half white half black kids to these camps and thought the white people way of life. There aboriginal spiritauality was to be taken away from them, there were no longer going to be linked to the land because there beliefs were to be vanished away, they wouldnt know wbout there culture becuase they were so young, its essiential for parent aborginals to teach there children what there belief and what there culture was all about, since there parents werent with them they couldnt learn about there culture becuase no one could teach them, this is what happen to mostly all aboriginal children that went to these sorts of camps. Since they were tort by the white people they learnt the white peoples way of life, they were converted from what they belived in to Christianity, tought how to dress and mainly how to be white. This is what dispossession did to the aboriginal people. **

** ACIENT GREEK PRINCIPAL BELIEFS: ** ** Fate ** That Greek religion was polytheistic is clear, but it also incorporated concepts that could be said to resemble an Ultimate Reality. Even Zeus, the mightiest of all gods, was subject to the powerful force of Destiny or Fate. The Delphic Oracle told Lyidan inquirers that "no one, not even the god, can escape his appointed fate." At the same time, however, the Olympians regularly directed the fate of human beings and one of Zeus' many epithets was Moiragetes, "guide of fate." Fate, while not a personal god, was nevertheless "half-personal because so clearly moralistic." In Greek philosophy, this concept of a Supreme Law or Ulimate Reality was much more emphasized, often at the expense of traditional beliefs about the gods.

The Universe
The ancient Greeks viewed the earth as a flat disk floating on the river of Ocean. In Plato's//Timaeus//, the world is treated as a living thing, with body and soul. The primary source for the ancient Greek creation myth is Hesiod's //Theogony//. According to this account, four divine beings first came into existence: Chaos, the Abyss, Earth (Gaea) and Love (Eros). Then the world came into existence when Earth was forcibly separated from her consort Heaven (Uranus) for a time so that she might give birth. To effect this separation, Uranus' genitals were severed by his son Cronus (the father of Zeus) and thrown into the sea, from which rose Aphrodite.

Spirits, Monsters and Other Mythological Beings
Another aspect of Greek religion worth mentioning is the set of mythological and sometimes monstrous creatures that populate its myths, the most notable being the following:
 * Amazons - race of female warriors
 * Keres - evil female spirits
 * Medusa –a winged female monster with hair made of snakes.
 * Satyrs – half-man, half-goat nature spirits who dwelled in woods and mountains and were lusty followers of Dionysus
 * Centaurs – half-man, half-horse creatures who were wild and lawless but possessed cultural knowledge
 * Sirens -
 * Typhon - represents disorder and devastation

Human Nature and Purpose of Life
Plato emphasized the existence of a soul that is separate and distinct from the body. He also insisted on its natural immortality. Religiously speaking, the most important thing to do in life is believe in the gods and perform the proper sacrifices and rituals. This would avoid reprisals both from gods and fellow human beings and encourage gifts from the gods. Greek religion was this-world oriented; any postmortem benefits of religious beliefs and actions were only peripherally considered, if at all.

Death and the Afterlife
"I'd rather be a day-laborer on earth working for a man of little property than lord of all the hosts of the dead." --Achilles, in //The Iliad// As illustrated by the above remark by the hero Achilles, death was not a glorius thing for the ancient Greeks. In Homer's epics, the dead are "pathetic in their helplessness, inhabiting drafty, echoing halls, deprived of their wits, and flitting purposelessly about uttering batlike noises."[|5] While undesirable when compared with life on earth, this vague, shadowing existence was not generally cause for fear of the afterlife. Only terrible sinners (like Tantalus, Tityus and Sisyphus) were punished after death; similarly, only a select few ended up in the paradisical Elysian Fields. With the rare exceptions mentioned above, Hades was the universal destination of the dead in Greek religion until the latter half of the 5th century BCE. Hades was a cold, damp and dark realm that was guarded by the god of the same name. The "gates of Hades" were guaded by the fearsome hound Cerberus, who wags his tail for new arrivals but does not allow anyone to leave. Without proper burial, one cannot enter the gates of Hades. The river Styx is the boundary between earth and Hades, but Hades has other rivers as well (e.g. Phlegethon, Acheron, Cocytus). A similar concept is found in Japanese Buddhism in the Sanzu River, which the dead must cross on the way to the afterlife. In Greek religion, Tartarus was the deepest region of the underworld, lower than Hades. Hesiod wrote that it would take an anvil nine days to fall from heaven to earth and another nine to fall from earth to Tartarus. Hades, not Tartarus, is the place of the dead but some especially wicked characters have been imprisoned in Tartarus to be punished. It is where Sisyphus, thief and murderer, must repeatedly push a boulder up a hill for eternity; where Ixion, who killed his father-in-law, is attached to a flaming wheel; and where Tantalus is kept just out of reach of cool water and grapes for sharing the secrets of the gods with humans. Tartarus is also where monsters and other enemies have been cast after being defeated by the gods, including the Cyclopes, the Titans and Typhus. In Roman mythology, Tartarus was the eternal destination of sinners in general. Elysium (also called Elysian Fields or Elysian Plain) was a paradise inhabited at first only by the very distinguished, but later by the good. Elysium first appears in Homer's Odyssey as the destination of Menelaus. It is located at the western ends of the earth and is characterized by gentle breezes and an easy life like that of the gods. Closely related to Elysium is Hesiod's Isles of the Blessed, mentioned in his //Works and Days//, which was located in the western ocean. The notion that the human soul enters another body upon death, though unfamiliar in popular Greek religion, was widespread in Greek philosophy. The doctrine of transmigration is first associated with the Pythagoreans and Orphics and was later taught by Plato (//Phaedo//,//Republic//) and Pindar (//Olympian//). For the former groups, the soul retained its identity throughout its reincarnations; Plato indicated that souls do not remember their previous experiences. Although Herodotus claims that the Greeks learned this idea from Egypt, most scholars do not believe it came either from Egypt or from India, but developed independently.
 * Hades**
 * Tartarus**
 * Elysium**
 * Reincarnation**

media type="youtube" key="SIfOMJRdknA" height="344" width="425" ADAMS RELIGION PRESENTATION REFLECTION:

Adam presentation i thought was really good. The information he showed us in his presentation was good, the information was great i never new what he told us about the ancient egyptians, it was really god. The way adam presented his presentation was good, he didn't talk fast so whatever he said was understood well, and i thought the hand out he made was really good.

Sarah R presentation:

Sarah presentation was good. I was well informed by the information she read out. I never new this about the japanese religion and the way she talked and explained it was good for my understanding. I also thought her presentation layout was good which made it understandable, and lastly i thought the pictures that sarah had in her sides were good because he explained what she was saying in pictures.

ALEXIS RELIGION PRESENTATION:

Alexis presentation was good. I felt i was well informed as she read out the information she had. I believe that she read well which for me made it very easy to understand what she was saying. The presentation had a good layout. Overall it was a good presentation and enjoyed listening to it.

TOM'S PRESENTATION:

I felt that toms presentation was very dodgey, there wasnt alot of information and there wasnt alot of input, but the vidoe he showed was good.

Sarah S PRESENTATION:

I thought sarah presentation was great it was detailed and informed everyone with great information, it was in great detail. The slideshow she presented was good because it showed relative sources of what she is talking about, the only negative to the presenation for me was that she showed no eye contact with the class.

My presentation:

I thought my presentation was good, i think i had eye contact with the class and addressed the questions quiet well, i still thought i should have included more information, i thought my pronunciation as quick poor.

Jacintas presentation:

What can i say it was great, the commitment she put into the presentation and the booklets she created was magnificent, the information was great and i followed it all the way because i found it very interesting and i understood every bit, i thought getting the class involved was a great idea. Great stuff, 20/20 well done jacinta.

Marco's presentation:

Marco's presentation was alright some of the information was good, some didn't make sense. I believe that his video went on for to long and for some of it had nothing to do with the subject he was talking about.

Rachels presentation;

The presentation was good, good information, the silde show i believe could have been set up better, i think she needed to make more eye contact either tha that is was good.


 * MOSES:**

INFANCY: 1. Moses mum placed him in a basket in a river,. 2. The Princess of Egypt found moses. 3.Moses grew up around the king and queens of Egypt. 4. The princess and the royal family took care of moses when he was a youngster.

TEENAGER: 1. He played hot coal in his mouth when he was a baby.

ADULT: 1. Moses murdered an Egyptian slave driver. 2. As a result of this act Moses fled to midian. 3. Moses decided to become a Shepard. 4. Because god felt he was the right man to free the Jewish slaves.

WHAT DID GOD ASK OF MOSES? To free the Jews from the Egyptians and lead them into the land that god promised to give to the descendants of Abraham.

WHY DID MOSES HESITAK? Moses hesitated because of what happen in the past.

WHO DID GOD SEND TO HELP? God sent Moses brother Aaron to help him.

WHAT DID MOSES DO? Moses asked the king to set his people free, the king refused, after that 7 days of plague followed.

EVENTS OF THE PASSOVER? Moses called all the Israelite leaders together, and told them to tell every father to kill a healthy young lamb or goat from his flock, he is to kill it and daub some of its blood on the door and on the doorposts. The mother in each family is to cook the meat for a special meal and when it becomes dark everyone must stay in there homes. The blood on the door will be a sign to God that you are his obedient people and will not let his angel of death harm your families.

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE PASSOVER? Is a Jewish and Samaritan holy day and festival commemorating the Hebrews escape from enslavement in Egypt.

EVENTS THAT HAPPENED: THE ISRAELITIES AT HOME: The mothers prepared a meal for their families. THE FIRST BORN EGYPTIAN: The first born were killed. ACTION TAKEN BY THE KING: The king released all the Jewish slaves.

=**THIS IS EXCELLENT WORK....YOU NEED TO COLLECT 2 MERITS**= = =

Develop a timeline of the history of Judaism. – visit www.bje.org

View Introduction power-point on Judaism

Research task: Profile of Abraham – complete a recount of each of these events after completing an SQ3R The call of Abraham (Genesis 12:1-9) Abraham’s name is changed (Genesis 17:5) The role of Sarah (Genesis 18:1-15) The sons of Abraham (Isaac - Genesis 21:1-8; Ishmael – Genesis 16) Sacrifice of Isaac (Genesis 22) Circumcision and the Covenant (Genesis 17:1-27) Abraham - ‘Father of many nations’ (Genesis 17:6)

Learning Preparation
 * Construct subject specific terminology section on your WIKI
 * 100 words – Who was Abraham?

HOMEWORK 6/5/09 SUBJECT SPECIFIC TERMINOLOGY: - Patiarch= man who is the founder or oldest member of a group - El Shaddai= is one of the Judaic names of God. . El Shaddai is normally translated as "God Almighty," - Hewbrew=the ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel. - Monotheism= is belief is a single god. -Israel= Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine. - Covenant= - Circumcision= Is the removal of some or all the foreskin from the penis. - Canaan=Canaan is a Biblical figure who, according to the Old Testament, was the son of Ham and the grandson of the patriarch Noah. - Tikkun=A tikkun is a book used by Jews to prepare for reading or writing a Torah scroll. - Halachah=is the collective body of Jewish religious law. - Orthodox= - Exodus=the second book of the Old Testament: tells of the departure of the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt led by Moses; God gave them the Ten Commandments and the rest of Mosaic law on Mount Sinai during the Exodus. - Mitzvot=is a word used in Judaism to refer to the 613 commandments given in the Torah and the seven rabbinic commandments instituted later for a total of 613. The term can also refer to the fulfilment of a mitzvat. - Jewish=of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion. - Semitic=

WHO WAS ABRAHAM: Abraham was the first Patriarch. He was the founder of Judaism. God made a covenant, which involed Abraham having to leave his land. He followed what his God had said and gathered his people and took them to Canaan( the promised land). Abraham had to sons, one of his sons ( Ishmael ) who was the eldest child and was mother to Hagar, Abraham slave, and Isaac the favored son and was mother to Sarah Abrahams wife. The reason why the eldest son was born to Hagar was because his wife was past the age on where you were able to have babies. There God enable the couple to have a baby out of love, this baby was Isaac and was later to be known ad the second Patriarch.

HOMEWORK: 7/5/09 Abraham was bone under the name of Abram in 1800 BCE, in the city of Ur, Babylona ( modern day Iraq). He was son to a man named Terach who was a idol merchant. As a young kid Abram was brought up to believe in the idols that his father had created. At a young age questioned his fathers beliefs, and wanted answers and came to believe that the universe was created from a single god rather that an a various amount of gods.On a number of times Abram tried to convince his father on a number of times of the folly idol work. So one day Abram decided to destroy every idol that his father had made besides one the one he had left was the biggest one. When the father had asked what had happened he told him that the idols got into a fight, his father said to him dont be ridiculous these idols have no life or power Abram then responded then why do you worship them. From while he was a young boy had connected with the God he had belived in. God called called upon him and made him an offer. He promised him land if he were to follow the B'rit ( the covenant ) between himself and God. God asked Abram to chage his name to abraham. Once he grew up Abraham married Sarah. Abraham was concerned that he had no children, Sarah notice it and let her servant Hayga become his wife because Sarah was past the age of having a baby. They had a boy named Ishmel. God eventually made sarah able to have children and gave Abraham a son (Isaac) who was made out of love. God decided to test Abraham one day buy ordering to sacrifice his son for him. So Abraham agreed with God and led his son to a mountain where he was about to kill his son before God ordered him not to. God had realised what Abramham would for him.

Alessandro - Your 200 word outline is well developed and demonstrates and sound understanding of the significance of Abraham. Your note taking and time line is also demonstrating a clear connection between the readings and the class discussion. Please collect 2 merits.